Journal ArticleDOI
Medical Marijuana for Treatment of Chronic Pain and Other Medical and Psychiatric Problems: A Clinical Review
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TLDR
Use of marijuana for chronic pain, neuropathic pain, and spasticity due to multiple sclerosis is supported by high-quality evidence, and Physicians should educate patients about medical marijuana to ensure that it is used appropriately and that patients will benefit from its use.Abstract:
Importance As of March 2015, 23 states and the District of Columbia had medical marijuana laws in place. Physicians should know both the scientific rationale and the practical implications for medical marijuana laws. Objective To review the pharmacology, indications, and laws related to medical marijuana use. Evidence Review The medical literature on medical marijuana was reviewed from 1948 to March 2015 via MEDLINE with an emphasis on 28 randomized clinical trials of cannabinoids as pharmacotherapy for indications other than those for which there are 2 US Food and Drug Administration–approved cannabinoids (dronabinol and nabilone), which include nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and appetite stimulation in wasting illnesses. Findings Use of marijuana for chronic pain, neuropathic pain, and spasticity due to multiple sclerosis is supported by high-quality evidence. Six trials that included 325 patients examined chronic pain, 6 trials that included 396 patients investigated neuropathic pain, and 12 trials that included 1600 patients focused on multiple sclerosis. Several of these trials had positive results, suggesting that marijuana or cannabinoids may be efficacious for these indications. Conclusions and Relevance Medical marijuana is used to treat a host of indications, a few of which have evidence to support treatment with marijuana and many that do not. Physicians should educate patients about medical marijuana to ensure that it is used appropriately and that patients will benefit from its use.read more
Citations
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From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology
TL;DR: This review article aims to describe and critically discuss the pharmacology and potential impact on mammalian physiology of all major phytocannabinoids, and not only of the most famous one Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, and the adaptive pro-homeostatic physiological, or maladaptive pathological, roles of the ECS in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs.
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Evidence-based nonpharmacologic strategies for comprehensive pain care the consortium pain task force white paper
Heather Tick,Arya Nielsen,Kenneth R. Pelletier,Robert Bonakdar,Samantha Simmons,Ronald M. Glick,Emily Ratner,Russell Lemmon,Peter M. Wayne,Veronica Zador +9 more
TL;DR: The historical context and magnitude of the current pain problem including individual, social and economic impacts as well as the challenges of pain management for patients and a healthcare workforce engaging prevalent strategies not entirely based in current evidence are detailed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabis Use and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders: Prospective Evidence From a US National Longitudinal Study
Carlos Blanco,Deborah S. Hasin,Melanie M. Wall,Ludwing Flórez-Salamanca,Nicolas Hoertel,Shuai Wang,Bradley T. Kerridge,Mark Olfson +7 more
TL;DR: Within the general population, cannabis use is associated with an increased risk for several substance use disorders and Physicians and policy makers should take these associations of cannabis use under careful consideration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Variation in cannabis potency and prices in a newly legal market: Evidence from 30 million cannabis sales in Washington state.
Rosanna Smart,Jonathan P. Caulkins,Jonathan P. Caulkins,Beau Kilmer,Steven Davenport,Gregory Midgette +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess trends and variation in the market share of product types and potency sold in a legal cannabis retail market, and estimate how potency and purchase quantity influence price variation for cannabis flower.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association Between US State Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Prescribing in the Medicare Part D Population.
TL;DR: It is found that patients filled fewer daily doses of any opioid in states with an MCL, and medical cannabis laws are associated with significant reductions in opioid prescribing in the Medicare Part D population.
References
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Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings
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Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use
TL;DR: As marijuana use becomes legal in some states, the dominant public opinion is that marijuana is a harmless source of mood alteration, but enough information is available to cause concern.
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Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review
Theresa Hm Moore,Stanley Zammit,Stanley Zammit,Anne Lingford-Hughes,Thomas R. E. Barnes,Peter B. Jones,Margaret Burke,Glyn Lewis +7 more
TL;DR: There is now sufficient evidence to warn young people that using cannabis could increase their risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life, although evidence for affective outcomes is less strong.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
TL;DR: The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (formerly, National Household Survey of Drug Abuse) is an annual national survey that provides information on prevalence and correlates of drug use within the United States.