Journal ArticleDOI
Mental Disorders and Homicidal Behavior in Finland
TLDR
Homicidal behavior in a country with a relatively low crime rate appears to have a statistical association with some specific mental disorders classified according to DSM-III-R classifications.Abstract:
Background: Owing to the fact that Finnish police have been able to solve about 95% of all homicides during recent decades and because most homicide offenders are subjected to an intensive psychiatric evaluation, it was possible to examine data on 693 of 994 homicide offenders during an 8-year period. Methods: The prevalences of mental disorders of the homicide offenders were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the statistical increase in risk associated with specific mental disorders. Results: The results indicate that schizophrenia increases the OR of homicidal violence by about 8-fold in men and 6.5-fold in women. Antisocial personality disorder increases the OR over 10-fold in men and over 50-fold in women. Affective disorders, anxiety disorders, dysthymia, and mental retardation did not elevate the OR to any significant extent (OR Conclusion: Homicidal behavior in a country with a relatively low crime rate appears to have a statistical association with some specific mental disorders classified according toDSM-III-Rclassifications.read more
Citations
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Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder.
TL;DR: These findings provide the first evidence for a structural brain deficit in APD and may underlie the low arousal, poor fear conditioning, lack of conscience, and decision-making deficits that have been found to characterize antisocial, psychopathic behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenia and Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: It is shown that the increased risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses and violence and violent offending appears to be partly mediated by substance abuse comorbidity.
Book
A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems
Teresa L. Scheid,Tony N. Brown +1 more
TL;DR: It is tested whether significant differences in mental illness exist in a matched sample of Mental illness and the criminal justice system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of juvenile aggression and violence. Some common misconceptions and controversies
TL;DR: This article addresses 5 misconceptions and controversies concerning the development of aggression and violence: the misconception that high stability coefficients of aggression over time imply that discontinuity of aggression from childhood to early adulthood is negligible, and the assumption that theDevelopment of violence in women is very similar to that in men.
Journal ArticleDOI
VIOLENCE RISK ASSESSMENT: Getting Specific About Being Dynamic
TL;DR: In this article, the authors differentiate risk status (interindividual risk level based largely on static risk factors) from risk state (intraindividual risk level determined largely by current status on dynamic risk factors), and analyze the relevance of contemporary risk assessment measures for capturing dynamic risk.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). I: History, rationale, and description.
TL;DR: The history, rationale, and development of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) is described, which is a semistructured interview for making the major Axis I DSM- III-R diagnoses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism
TL;DR: In this paper, three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli.
Journal ArticleDOI
One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Based on five Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites.
Darrel A. Regier,Jeff Boyd,Jack D. Burke,Donald S. Rae,Jerome K. Myers,Morton Kramer,Lee N. Robins,Linda K. George,Marvin Karno,Ben Z. Locke +9 more
TL;DR: One-month prevalence results were determined from 18571 persons interviewed in the first-wave community samples of all five sites that constituted the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemilogic Catchment Area Program as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Naltrexone and Coping Skills Therapy for Alcohol Dependence: A Controlled Study
Stephanie S. O'Malley,Adam J. Jaffe,Adam J. Jaffe,Grace Chang,Richard S. Schottenfeld,Roger E. Meyer,Bruce J. Rounsaville,Bruce J. Rounsaville +7 more
TL;DR: Naltrexone proved superior to placebo in measures of drinking and alcohol- related problems, including abstention rates, number of drinking days, relapse, and severity of alcohol-related problems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serotonergic Studies in Patients with Affective and Personality Disorders: Correlates with Suicidal and Impulsive Aggressive Behavior
Coccaro Ef,Larry J. Siever,Howard Klar,Gail Maurer,Karen Cochrane,Thomas B. Cooper,Richard C. Mohs,Kenneth L. Davis +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that reduced central serotonergic function is present in a subgroup of patients with major affective and/or personality disorder and is associated with history of suicide attempt in patients with either disorder, but with impulsive aggression in Patients with personality disorder only.