Methylxanthines as Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2: an In Silico Approach
Rajan Rolta,Deeksha Salaria,Bhanu Sharma,Oladoja Awofisayo,Olatomide A. Fadare,Sonum Sharma,Chirag N. Patel,Vikas Kumar,Anuradha Sourirajan,David J. Baumler,Kamal Dev +10 more
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TLDR
In this paper , the binding affinity of methylxanthines with SARS-CoV-2 target proteins was determined using Autodock Vina, and the best interacting complexes were performed using GROMACS 2018.Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to test the binding affinity of methylxanthines (caffeine/theine, methylxanthine, theobromine, theophylline and xanthine) to three potential target proteins namely Spike protein (6LZG), main protease (6LU7) and nucleocapsid protein N-terminal RNA binding domain (6M3M) of SARS-CoV-2. Proteins and ligand were generated using AutoDock 1.5.6 software. Binding affinity of methylxanthines with SARS-CoV-2 target proteins was determined using Autodock Vina. MD simulation of the best interacting complexes was performed using GROMACS 2018.3 (in duplicate) and Desmond program version 2.0 (academic version) (in triplicate) to study the stabile interaction of protein-ligand complexes. Among the selected methylxanthines, theophylline showed the best binding affinity with all the three targets of SARS-CoV-2 (6LZG - 5.7 kcal mol-1, 6LU7 - 6.5 kcal mol-1, 6M3M - 5.8 kcal mol-1). MD simulation results of 100 ns (in triplicate) showed that theophylline is stable in the binding pockets of all the selected SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Moreover, methylxanthines are safer and less toxic as shown by high LD50 value with Protox II software as compared to drug chloroquine. This research supports the use of methylxanthines as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. It also lays the groundwork for future studies and could aid in the development of a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 and related viral infections.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40495-021-00276-3. read more
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Theophylline: Old Drug in a New Light, Application in COVID-19 through Computational Studies
Luis M. Montaño,Bettina Sommer,Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan,G. S. Morales-Paoli,G. Lizbeth Ramírez-Salinas,Héctor Solís-Chagoyán,Zuly A Sánchez-Florentino,Eduardo Calixto,Gloria Erandi Pérez-Figueroa,Rohan Carter,Ruth Jaimez-Melgoza,Bianca S. Romero‑Martínez,Edgar Flores-Soto +12 more
TL;DR: Theophylline down-regulates the inflammatory processes activated by SARS-CoV-2 through various mechanisms, and herein, they are discussed by reviewing computational simulation studies and their different applications and effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Cocoa to Chocolate: Effect of Processing on Flavanols and Methylxanthines and Their Mechanisms of Action
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of cocoa processing on polyphenols and methylxanthine composition of chocolate and other cocoa products was studied. But the authors focused on the effect on the original flavanols and theobromine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibitory Activity of Saussurea costus Extract against Bacteria, Candida, Herpes, and SARS-CoV-2
Hajo Idriss,Babeker Siddig,Pamela González-Maldonado,Hatim M. Elkhair,Abbas Alakhras Ishak Alakhras,Emad M. Abdallah,Amin O. Elzupir,Pablo H. Sotelo +7 more
TL;DR: In this article , the Saussurea costus acetic acid extract was used to demonstrate the phytochemical profile, molecular docking, anti-candida activity, and anti-viral activity of the Saussian costus extract.
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A Systematic Review of the Role of Purinergic Signalling Pathway in the Treatment of COVID-19
TL;DR: The potential of these drugs to control the release, degradation, and reuptake of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides to treat COVID-19 is discussed in this paper .
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High-Affinity Antibodies Designing of SARS-CoV-2 Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations
TL;DR: In this article , the steric effects of glycans on the surface of RBD plays a role of "wedge", which makes the L335-E340 region of rBD close to the CDR3 region of the heavy chain of antibody and increases the contact area between antigen and antibody.
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