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miR-106a Is Downregulated in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Chronic Hepatitis B and Associated with Enhanced Levels of Interleukin-8.

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TLDR
It is suggested that miR-106a is downregulated in PBMCs of chronic hepatitis B patients and thatmiR- 106a may play an important role in CHB by targeting IL-8.
Abstract
Aims. This study aimed to investigate miR-106a expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and to analyze the function of miR-106a. Materials and Methods. miR-106a expression levels in PBMCs from 40 healthy controls and 56 CHB patients were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The luciferase activity assays were used to determine whether miR-106a binds to 3′UTR of IL-8. miR-106a mimics and inhibitors were transfected into healthy PBMCs. IL-8 mRNA and protein levels were detected and determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results. The qRT-PCR results suggested that the PBMC miR-106a levels were decreased in CHB patients. IL-8 was augmented in CHB patients and was inversely correlated with miR-106a levels. The luciferase activity assays indicated that IL-8 is a target of miR-106a. Exogenous expression of miR-106a could significantly repress IL-8 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs, whereas miR-106a inhibitor had the opposite effects. Conclusions. This study suggested that miR-106a is downregulated in PBMCs of CHB patients and that miR-106a may play an important role in CHB by targeting IL-8.

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The Regulatory Role of MicroRNA in Hepatitis-B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBV-HCC) Pathogenesis.

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Association between circulating miRNAs and spinal involvement in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that differential systemic levels of miRNA expression reflect miRNA dysregulation at sites of spinal inflammation or bone formation where these molecules contribute to the development of pathophysiological features typical of AxSpA.
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Downregulation of miRNA17–92 cluster marks Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

TL;DR: There is the possibility that the miRNA17–92 family and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, and evidence is provided for a role of miR-106a,miR-19-3p, mi-20a, and mi-21a in the regulation of Vγ 9Vε2 T-cell function in RA patients.
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Dysregulation of helper T lymphocytes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients is highly associated with aberrant production of miR-21.

TL;DR: Assessment of helper T (Th) cell subsets in association with microRNAs found association between miR-21 and Th subsets could be correlated with the impairment of anti-tumor immunity and ESCC pathogenesis, which could be potentially used as an important target for immunotherapeutic approaches.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

MicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function

TL;DR: Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Chronic hepatitis B: Update 2009

TL;DR: The 2009 update of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Guidelines for Management of Chronic Hepatitis B is now posted online at www.aasld.org, and the recommendation for first-line oral antiviral medications has been changed to tenofovir or entecavir, and adefovir has been moved to second-line Oral antiviral medication.

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TL;DR: An overview of its protein structure, mechanisms of production, and receptor system will be discussed as well as the pathophysiological roles of IL-8/CXCL8 in various types of lung pathologies.
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