Neural Correlates of Food Addiction
Ashley N. Gearhardt,Sonja Yokum,Patrick T. Orr,Eric Stice,William R. Corbin,Kelly D. Brownell +5 more
TLDR
Similar patterns of neural activation are implicated in addictive-like eating behavior and substance dependence: elevated activation in reward circuitry in response to food cues and reduced activation of inhibitory regions in responseto food intake.Abstract:
Context Research has implicated an addictive process in the development and maintenance of obesity. Although parallels in neural functioning between obesity and substance dependence have been found, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the neural correlates of addictive-like eating behavior. Objective To test the hypothesis that elevated“food addiction” scores are associated with similar patterns of neural activation as substance dependence. Design Between-subjects functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Setting A university neuroimaging center. Participants Forty-eight healthy young women ranging from lean to obese recruited for a healthy weight maintenance trial. Main Outcome Measure The relation between elevated food addiction scores and blood oxygen level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in response to receipt and anticipated receipt of palatable food (chocolate milkshake). Results Food addiction scores (N = 39) correlated with greater activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala in response to anticipated receipt of food (P Conclusions Similar patterns of neural activation are implicated in addictive-like eating behavior and substance dependence: elevated activation in reward circuitry in response to food cues and reduced activation of inhibitory regions in response to food intake.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale
TL;DR: The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is a sound tool for identifying eating patterns that are similar to behaviors seen in classic areas of addiction, and predicted binge-eating behavior above and beyond existing measures of eating pathology, demonstrating incremental validity.
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Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction.
TL;DR: The incentive-sensitization theory posits the essence of drug addiction to be excessive amplification specifically of psychological "wanting," especially triggered by cues, without necessarily an amplification of "liking."
Book
Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation
TL;DR: Because employers bear direct medical and indirect productivity costs of obesity, they can benefit from promoting and increasing physical activity, healthy eating, breastfeeding, and overall well-being in the workplace.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sugar consumption, metabolic disease and obesity: The state of the controversy.
TL;DR: The evidence and lack of evidence that allows the controversy to continue are discussed, and the conclusions from several meta-analyses suggest that fructose has no specific adverse effects relative to any other carbohydrate.
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Evidence that 'food addiction' is a valid phenotype of obesity
Caroline Davis,Claire Curtis,Robert D. Levitan,Jacqueline C. Carter,Allan S. Kaplan,James L. Kennedy +5 more
TL;DR: Those who met the diagnostic criteria for FA had a significantly greater co-morbidity with Binge Eating Disorder, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to their age- and weight-equivalent counterparts.
References
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TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
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J M McGinnis,W H Foege +1 more
TL;DR: The most prominent contributors to mortality in the United States in 1990 were tobacco, diet and activity patterns, alcohol, microbial agents, toxic agents, firearms, sexual behavior, motor vehicles, and illicit use of drugs.
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TL;DR: These analyses show that smoking remains the leading cause of mortality in the United States, however, poor diet and physical inactivity may soon overtake tobacco as the lead cause of death.
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