Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropathology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): an autopsy review.
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TLDR
This survey shows that neuropathologic complications of AIDS are frequent and Infections are the most common complication and are caused by probable LAV/HTLV-III infection, or by opportunistic organisms.Abstract:
In the brains and spinal cords of 153 adult patients dying with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at New York and Memorial Hospitals a subacute encephalitis with multinucleated cells was present in 28% of all patients. This encephalitis was characterized by multinucleated cells primarily located in the white matter and associated with myelin pallor and sparse infiltrates of rod cells, macrophages, gemistocytic astrocytes and lymphocytes. The incidence per 12 month period ranged from 0 to 43% and significantly increased between 1983-84 (14%) and 1984-85 (43%). Recent virologic and pathologic studies suggest that this encephalitis may be caused by direct LAV/HTLV-III infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Cytomegalovirus encephalomyelitis and toxoplasmosis were the most common opportunistic infections (26% and 10%, respectively). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, herpes simplex ventriculitis, varicella-zoster leukoencephalitis and fungal infections were infrequent (less than 3% each). A nonspecific encephalitis with microglial nodules and with mild white matter changes occurred in 17%, vacuolar myelopathy in 29% and CNS lymphoma in 6%. Less than 20% of patients had either normal brains or terminal metabolic encephalopathies. This survey shows that neuropathologic complications of AIDS are frequent. Infections are the most common complication and are caused by probable LAV/HTLV-III infection, or by opportunistic organisms.read more
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Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
TL;DR: The most recent version of the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV-infected adults and adolescents was published in 2002 and 2004, respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The brain in AIDS: central nervous system HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia complex
Richard W. Price,Bruce J. Brew,John J. Sidtis,Marc K. Rosenblum,Adrienne C. Scheck,Paul D. Cleary +5 more
TL;DR: Within the context of the permissive effect of immunosuppression, genetic changes in HIV-1 may underlie the neuropathological heterogeneity of the AIDS dementia complex and its relatively independent course in relation to the systemic manifestations of AIDS noted in some patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
TL;DR: Although subtypes exist, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the CNS most commonly consists of histiocytic cells or large immunoblastic cells bearing B cell surface markers in close proximity to the lateral and third ventricles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pulmonary Aspergillosis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
David W. Denning,Stephen E. Follansbee,Michael Scolaro,Stephen Norris,Howard Edelstein,David A. Stevens +5 more
TL;DR: Pulmonary aspergillosis is a possible late complication of AIDS; if diagnosed early, it may be treated successfully.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
David B. Clifford,Beau M. Ances +1 more
TL;DR: The manifestations of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in the era of effective HIV therapy is described, diagnosis and treatment recommendations are outlined, and the research questions that remain are explored.