Journal ArticleDOI
The AIDS Dementia Complex
Richard W. Price,Bruce J. Brew +1 more
TLDR
The views of the current state of knowledge regarding the etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to the AIDS dementia complex are presented.Abstract:
Note from Dr. Merle A. Sande?Progressive dementia has been recognized as a complication of human immunodeficiency virus infection almost since the beginning of the epidemic. To many infectious diseases clinicians, however, the AIDS dementia complex remains ambiguous, and the clinical approach to this problem is less clearly defined than that for other infection-associated syndromes. Dr. Richard W. Price and his colleagues at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have, to a large extent, been responsible for defining this entity. In this AIDS Commentary they present their views of the current state of knowledge regarding the etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to the AIDS dementia complex.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents
Anthony S. Fauci,John G. Bartlett,Eric P. Goosby,M. D. Smith,H. J. Kaiser,S. W. Chang,James M. Anderson,R. Armstead,A. C. Baker,David A Barr,Samuel A. Bozzette,S. Cox,M. Delaney,Fred M. Gordin,W. Greaves,M. Harrington,J. J. Henning,Martin S. Hirsch,J. Jacobs,Richard Marlink,C. Maxwell,J. W. Mellors,D. B. Nash,S. Perryman,Robert T. Schooley,R. Sherer,Stephen A. Spector,G. Torres,Paul A. Volberding,B. A. Brady,E. M. Daniels,D. Feigal,Mark B. Feinberg,H. D. Gayle,T. R. Graydon,Jonathan E. Kaplan,Abe M. Macher,R. F. Martin,Henry Masur,Lynne M. Mofenson,J. Murray,J. O'Neill,L. C. Perez,R. Riseberg,S. Shekar,Sharilyn K. Stanley,J. Whitescarver +46 more
TL;DR: These Guidelines were developed by the Panel* on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV Infection convened by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oncogene ablation-resistant pancreatic cancer cells depend on mitochondrial function
Andrea Viale,Piergiorgio Pettazzoni,Costas A. Lyssiotis,Haoqiang Ying,Nora S. Sanchez,Matteo Marchesini,Alessandro Carugo,Tessa Green,Sahil Seth,Virginia Giuliani,Maria Kost-Alimova,Florian L. Muller,Simona Colla,Luigi Nezi,Giannicola Genovese,Angela K. Deem,Avnish Kapoor,Wantong Yao,Emanuela Brunetto,Ya'an Kang,Min Yuan,John M. Asara,Y. Alan Wang,Timothy P. Heffernan,Alec C. Kimmelman,Huamin Wang,Jason B. Fleming,Lewis C. Cantley,Ronald A. DePinho,Giulio Draetta +29 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a subpopulation of dormant tumour cells surviving oncogene ablation (surviving cells) and responsible for tumour relapse has features of cancer stem cells and relies on oxidative phosphorylation for survival.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative disease: implications for therapy.
TL;DR: There now seems to be little doubt that such a process is indeed a determining factor in the extent of the lesions observed, and direct evidence for a pathogenic role for excitotoxicity in neurological disease is missing.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology of the CNS.
Guido Stoll,Sebastian Jander +1 more
TL;DR: There is increasing evidence that microglia play an active part in degenerative CNS diseases, in Alzheimer's disease activated microglian appear to be involved in plaque formation, and in experimental globoid cell dystrophy T-cell independent induction of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on microglio accelerates demyelination.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder — pathogenesis and prospects for treatment
Deanna Saylor,Alex M. Dickens,Ned Sacktor,Norman J. Haughey,Barbara S. Slusher,Mikhail V. Pletnikov,Joseph L. Mankowski,Amanda Brown,David J. Volsky,Justin C. McArthur +9 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that adjunctive therapies — treatments targeting CNS inflammation and other metabolic processes, including glutamate homeostasis, lipid and energy metabolism — are needed to reverse or improve HAND-related neurological dysfunction.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features.
TL;DR: In the most advanced stage of this AIDS dementia complex, patients exhibited a stereotyped picture of severe dementia, mutism, incontinence, paraplegia, and in some cases, myoclonus.
Journal ArticleDOI
The AIDS dementia complex: II. Neuropathology
TL;DR: The AIDS dementia complex is established as a distinct clinical and pathological entity and, together with accumulating virological evidence, suggests that it is caused by direct LAV/HTLV‐III brain infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
The brain in AIDS: central nervous system HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia complex
Richard W. Price,Bruce J. Brew,John J. Sidtis,Marc K. Rosenblum,Adrienne C. Scheck,Paul D. Cleary +5 more
TL;DR: Within the context of the permissive effect of immunosuppression, genetic changes in HIV-1 may underlie the neuropathological heterogeneity of the AIDS dementia complex and its relatively independent course in relation to the systemic manifestations of AIDS noted in some patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early penetration of the blood-brain-barrier by HIV
TL;DR: It is indicated that HIV infects the CNS early in the course of viral infection and prior to the development of HIV-associated neurologic abnormalities.
Journal ArticleDOI
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex as the presenting or sole manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
TL;DR: Patients at risk of developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with cognitive, motor, and behavioral dysfunctions characteristic of the AIDS dementia complex, either preceding or in the absence of major systemic opportunistic infections or neoplasms, indicating that theAIDS dementia complex may be the earliest, and, at times, the only evidence of human immunodficiency infection.