Neurotransmitters as Regulators of Tumor Angiogenesis and Immunity: The Role of Catecholamines
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TLDR
This review focuses on the emerging roles of catecholamines in modulating tumor angiogenesis and immunity, and also discusses the probable molecular mechanisms of their actions.Abstract:
The growing tumor employs various strategies to establish its growth, progression and spread in the host. Angiogenesis or formation of new blood vessels from existing ones and escape from immune surveillance are the two critical steps that ensure proper establishment and growth of the newly formed tumor. Thus understanding the novel pathways associated with tumor angiogenesis and immunity may lead to the development of newer therapeutic strategies using the regulators of these pathways to improve patient outcomes. These two pivotal steps in the process of tumorigenesis are governed by plethora of endogenous factors. The neuroendocrine molecules, which include the catecholamine neurotransmitters, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine are of growing interest considering their varied and diverse regulatory roles both in the process of tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunity. This review focuses on the emerging roles of catecholamines in modulating tumor angiogenesis and immunity, and also discusses the probable molecular mechanisms of their actions. Understanding of this new group of endogenous regulators of tumor growth may lead to the development of newer therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer.read more
Citations
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References
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Patterns and Emerging Mechanisms of the Angiogenic Switch during Tumorigenesis
TL;DR: The work from the authors' laboratories reviewed herein was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute.
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Cancer Immunoediting: Integrating Immunity’s Roles in Cancer Suppression and Promotion
TL;DR: A unifying conceptual framework called “cancer immunoediting,” which integrates the immune system’s dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles is discussed.
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Normalization of Tumor Vasculature: An Emerging Concept in Antiangiogenic Therapy
TL;DR: Emerging evidence supporting an alternative hypothesis is reviewed—that certain antiangiogenic agents can also transiently “normalize” the abnormal structure and function of tumor vasculature to make it more efficient for oxygen and drug delivery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dopamine Receptors: From Structure to Function
TL;DR: Target deletion of several of these dopamine receptor genes in mice should provide valuable information about their physiological functions and provide unequivocal evidence for the involvement of one of these receptors in the etiology of various central nervous system disorders.
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Bone Marrow Origin of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Responsible for Postnatal Vasculogenesis in Physiological and Pathological Neovascularization
Takayuki Asahara,Haruchika Masuda,Tomono Takahashi,Christoph Kalka,Christopher Pastore,Marcy Silver,Marianne Kearne,Meredith Magner,Jeffrey M. Isner +8 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that postnatal neovascularization does not rely exclusively on sprouting from preexisting blood vessels (angiogenesis); instead, EPCs circulate from bone marrow to incorporate into and thus contribute to postnatal physiological and pathological neov vascularization, which is consistent with postnatal vasculogenesis.
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