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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

NIR - Remote-Sensing and Artificial Neural Networks for Rapid Identification of Post Consumer Plastics

TLDR
An imaging spectrometer with a 256 element InGaAs diode array was combined with a high throughput optical arrangement for recording high quality NIR spectra (824 nm to 1700 nm) of plastics from a distance of 25 cm within 6.3 milliseconds as mentioned in this paper.
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This article is published in Journal of Molecular Structure.The article was published on 1995-03-15 and is currently open access. It has received 67 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Imaging spectrometer.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Triboelectrostatic separation for granular plastic waste recycling: A review

TL;DR: It can be concluded that the triboelectrostatic separation of plastic waste is a promising technology, however, more research is required before it can be widely applied in industry.
Journal ArticleDOI

Study and characterization of virgin and recycled LDPE/PP blends

TL;DR: In this paper, a model composition of virgin LDPE/PP blend was prepared to study the effect of process parameters and that of different types of compatibilizers, such as ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, ethylene−propylene monomer or PE-g-(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) graft copolymer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Analytical predictive capabilities of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for plastic classification

TL;DR: In this article, a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique has been applied for the identification of four widely used plastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylenes (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), whose recycling is required from commercial and biosafety points of view.
Journal ArticleDOI

An airborne remote sensing case study of synthetic hydrocarbon detection using short wave infrared absorption features identified from marine-harvested macro- and microplastics

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the spectral reflectance of microplastics (5mm) washed ashore along the USA west coast and virgin plastic pellets over a wavelength range from 350 to 2500 nm.
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Detection of floating plastics from satellite and unmanned aerial systems (Plastic Litter Project 2018)

TL;DR: How UAS very high geospatial resolution images can be useful in improving geo-referencing of satellite images and how UAS can be used to assess the plastic percentage coverage of satellite image images are demonstrated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Quantitative analysis in the 2-μ, region applied to synthetic polymers†

TL;DR: In this article, the application of short wave spectroscopy in the examination and analysis of synthetic polymers is described with special reference to molecular weight determination by end-group estimation, determination of monomer in polymers, and the analysis of copolymers.
Journal ArticleDOI

Infrared spectrometry of polymers in the overtone and combination regions

TL;DR: In this paper, the application of infrared spectrometry in the overtone and combination regions (10 −27 μ wavelengths) for determining chemical groups in polymeric materials was studied.
Related Papers (5)
Frequently Asked Questions (14)
Q1. What are the contributions in "Nir - remote sensing and artificial neural networks for rapid identification of post consumer plastics" ?

Gac et al. this paper used NIR reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy to identify five major types of plastic ( PE, PET, PP, PS and PVC ). 

The plastic fraction in household garbage mainly consists of 5 plastic types, which are polyethylene (PE), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC). 

The most important result was that high SNR spectra from 824 to 1700 nm can provide information sufficient for plastic identification. 

Mass spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, plasma spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy (NIR-, MIR- or Raman-spectroscopy) have been applied by different groups [ 11. 

The aim of the described experiment was to test if a suited spectrometer concept can combine the industrial requirements of robustness and speed with the need of recording high quality spectra from plastics without direct contact between sample and coupling optics, 

The plastic samples, that are cut out of plastic bodies taken from municipal waste, have a size of some cm* and thicknesses from 0.5 toseveral mm. 

It has been demonstrated that NIR spectra from 824 to 1700 nm of plastics with high signal to noise ratio can be obtained from a distance of up to 50 cm within 6.3 milliseconds. 

All rights reserved SSDZ 0022-2860(95)08609-9result, Inc53Gac,47As with a spectral range from 800 to 1700 nm and sensitivity reaching D*- 1013 cm Hzl%V at room temperature [8] can be used as detector material. 

Control and read-out of the room-temperature operated detector is realised with a combination of a micro processor controller and a personal computer, allowing of a minimum integration time of 6.3 ms. 

The described set-up gives a SNR of at least 200: 1 even in outer regions of the spectrum where the detector sensitivity decreases (at 824 or 1700 nm respectively). 

Spectral ranges from 1000 to 1800 nm [2,3] or from 1000 to 2500 nm [5] have been accessed with Ge or PbSe detectors respectively. 

The authors expect that this concept will provide the means for on-line identification of plastic garbage at usual speeds of industrial conveyor belts of up to 2 m/s. 

Taking also into account the computation time of a neural network based decision algorithm as developed by Wienke et al. [9], 75 complete identification cycles can be performed per second. 

The recycling of plastics plays an increasingly important role in today’s society and large efforts are undertaken to find new ways to reuse post-consumer plastics.