Journal ArticleDOI
Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review
TLDR
Although primary and secondary recycling schemes are well established and widely applied, it is concluded that many of the PSW tertiary and quaternary treatment schemes appear to be robust and worthy of additional investigation.About:
This article is published in Waste Management.The article was published on 2009-10-01. It has received 1672 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Resource recovery & Scrap.read more
Citations
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An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling.
TL;DR: The present overview highlights the waste management and pollution challenges, emphasising on the various chemical substances contained in all plastic products for enhancing polymer properties and prolonging their life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanical and chemical recycling of solid plastic waste.
TL;DR: This review presents a comprehensive description of the current pathways for recycling of polymers, via both mechanical and chemical recycling, and discusses the main challenges and some potential remedies to these recycling strategies, thus providing an academic angle as well as an applied one.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microplastics in the Terrestrial Ecosystem: Implications for Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)
Esperanza Huerta Lwanga,Hennie Gertsen,Harm P.A. Gooren,Piet Peters,Tamás Salánki,Martine van der Ploeg,Ellen Besseling,Albert A. Koelmans,Violette Geissen +8 more
TL;DR: This study studied the survival and fitness of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris exposed to microplastics in litter at concentrations of 7, 28, 45, and 60% dry weight, percentages that, after bioturbation, translate to 0.2 to 1.2% in bulk soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recycling of plastic solid waste: A state of art review and future applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect on properties of virgin and recycled HDPE/LDPE/Nylon PSW with different reinforcements like sand, natural fibre, hemp fibre, metal powder etc.
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A review on thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic solid waste (PSW)
TL;DR: The existing techniques of pyrolysis, the parameters which affect the products yield and selectivity and the influence of different catalysts on the process are presented and major research gaps in this technology are identified.
References
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Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
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An experimental study on biomass air-steam gasification in a fluidized bed.
TL;DR: The results showed that higher temperature contributed to more hydrogen production, but too high a temperature lowered gas heating value, and a smaller particle was more favorable for higher gas LHV and yield.
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Biomass gasification with air in an atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed. Effect of six operational variables on the quality of the produced raw gas
TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalence ratio (from 0.20 to 0.45), temperatures of the gasifier bed (750−850 °C) and of its freeboard (500−600 °C), H/C ratio in the feed, use of secondary air (10% of the overall) in the freeboard, and addition (2−5 wt %) of a calcined dolomite mixed with the biomass used as the feedstock.
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The study of reactions influencing the biomass steam gasification process
TL;DR: In this article, three types of forestry biomass were studied: Pinus pinaster (softwood), Eucalyptus globulus and holm-oak (hardwood), and the results obtained seemed to suggest that the operating conditions were optimised for a gasification temperature around 830°C and a steam/biomass ratio of 0.6-0.7
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Biodegradation of polyurethane: a review
TL;DR: The degradation of polyurethane is dependent on the many properties of the polymer such as molecular orientation, crystallinity, cross-linking and chemical groups present in the molecular chains which determine the accessibility to degrading-enzyme systems.