Journal ArticleDOI
Noise and bandwidth
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TLDR
In this article, a discussion of the physical and mathematical properties of noise together with the concepts of noise bandwidth and system bandwidth is given. And a general design procedure for measurement system is outlined and illustrated by reference to a magnetometer developed by the author.Abstract:
A discussion is given of the physical and mathematical properties of noise together with the concepts of noise bandwidth and system bandwidth. A general design procedure for measurement system is then outlined and illustrated by reference to a magnetometer developed by the author.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sensing Proteins through Nanopores: Fundamental to Applications
TL;DR: Nanopore design is now well controlled, allowing the development of future biotechnologies and medicine applications, including protein translocation and protein folding.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Meaning and Measure of Vertical Resolution in Optical Surface Topography Measurement
TL;DR: In this article, the measurement noise was found experimentally to be 0.072 nm for a 1 s data acquisition using a surface topography repeatability test, which determines the random height-equivalent noise level for an individual pixel in the areal surface topology map.
Journal ArticleDOI
New application of the Kelvin method involving the scanning of the bucking voltage
TL;DR: In this article, a new technique pertaining to the Kelvin method and involving the scanning of the bucking voltage was described and an automatic data acquisition system was applied, thus improving its sensitivity and reliability, particularly when a small area reference electrode was used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Noise Reduction in AC-Coupled Amplifiers
TL;DR: The quotient between the high-pass frequency of the signal bandwidth ( fL) and fc (K = fL/fc) is proposed as quantitative design parameter to reduce the additional noise contributed by a first-order ac-coupling network as compared with dc coupling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Definition and evaluation of topography measurement noise in optical instruments
Peter J. de Groot,Jack DiSciacca +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results from a commercial phase-shifting interference microscope showing an RMS measurement noise of 003nm for a 1-s data acquisition of 1.1 million surface topography image points, after application of a 3'×3'pixel convolution filter.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors
TL;DR: In this article, the electromotive force due to thermal agitation in conductors is calculated by means of principles in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, and the results obtained agree with results obtained experimentally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal Agitation of Electricity in Conductors
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of electric charge fluctuation in all conductors, producing random variation of potential between the ends of the conductor, has been measured by a vacuum tube amplifier and thermocouple, and can be expressed by the formula
Book
Information transmission, modulation, and noise
TL;DR: This book discusses Frequency Response of Linear Systems, Modulation Techniques, and Performance of Point-to-Point Communication Systems, which are used in Digital Communications.
Journal ArticleDOI
A vector rubidium magnetometer
A J Fairweather,M J Usher +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a version of the rubidium magnetometer has been developed which provides complete vector information of field variations without the use of artificially applied fields, where two perpendicular light beams are passed through a single vapour cell and the relative phases of the Larmor frequency modulations on the two beams determines the direction of the field, the magnitude being provided by the Larmore frequency itself.
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