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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Nonparametric methods for doubly robust estimation of continuous treatment effects

TLDR
This paper developed a kernel smoothing approach that requires only mild smoothness assumptions on the effect curve and still allows for misspecification of either the treatment density or outcome regression, which is illustrated via simulation and in a study of the effect of nurse staffing on hospital readmissions penalties.
Abstract
Summary Continuous treatments (e.g. doses) arise often in practice, but many available causal effect estimators are limited by either requiring parametric models for the effect curve, or by not allowing doubly robust covariate adjustment. We develop a novel kernel smoothing approach that requires only mild smoothness assumptions on the effect curve and still allows for misspecification of either the treatment density or outcome regression. We derive asymptotic properties and give a procedure for data-driven bandwidth selection. The methods are illustrated via simulation and in a study of the effect of nurse staffing on hospital readmissions penalties.

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Optimal doubly robust estimation of heterogeneous causal effects

TL;DR: A two-stage doubly robust CATE estimator is studied and a generic model-free error bound is given and it is shown that this estimator can be oracle efficient under even weaker conditions, if used with a specialized form of sample splitting and careful choices of tuning parameters.
Book ChapterDOI

Semiparametric theory and empirical processes in causal inference

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review important aspects of semiparametric theory and empirical processes that arise in causal inference problems and discuss estimation and inference for causal effects under semi-parametric models, which allow parts of the data generating process to be unrestricted if they are not of particular interest.
Posted Content

Orthogonal Statistical Learning.

TL;DR: By focusing on excess risk rather than parameter estimation, this work can give guarantees under weaker assumptions than in previous works and accommodate the case where the target parameter belongs to a complex nonparametric class.
Journal ArticleDOI

Evaluating the impact of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter on mortality among the elderly

TL;DR: This study finds that a decrease in PM2.5 (by 10 micrograms per cubic meter) leads to a statistically significant 6 to 7% decrease in mortality risk, which would save 143,257 lives in one decade.
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Nonparametric causal effects based on incremental propensity score interventions

TL;DR: This work characterizes incremental interventions and gives identifying conditions for corresponding effects, and develops general efficiency theory, proposes efficient nonparametric estimators that can attain fast convergence rates even when incorporating flexible machine learning, and explores finite-sample performance via simulation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies.

TL;DR: A discussion of matching, randomization, random sampling, and other methods of controlling extraneous variation is presented in this paper, where the objective is to specify the benefits of randomization in estimating causal effects of treatments.
Book

Weak Convergence and Empirical Processes: With Applications to Statistics

TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the Ball Sigma-Field and Measurability of Suprema and show that it is possible to achieve convergence almost surely and in probability.
BookDOI

Weak Convergence and Empirical Processes

TL;DR: This chapter discusses Convergence: Weak, Almost Uniform, and in Probability, which focuses on the part of Convergence of the Donsker Property which is concerned with Uniformity and Metrization.
Book

Local polynomial modelling and its applications

TL;DR: Applications of Local Polynomial Modeling in Nonlinear Time Series and Automatic Determination of Model Complexity and Framework for Local polynomial regression.
Book

Convergence of stochastic processes

David Pollard
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define a functional on Stochastic Processes as random functions and propose a uniform convergence of empirical measures in Euclidean spaces, based on the notion of convergence in distribution.
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