Organic Zinc Salts as Pro-Ecological Activators for Sulfur Vulcanization of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber
TLDR
The application of organic zinc activators allows the amount of zinc ions in SBR compounds to be reduced by 70–90 wt % compared to vulcanizate with zinc oxide, which is very important for ecological reasons, since zinc oxide is classified as being toxic to aquatic species.Abstract:
Organic zinc salts and complexes were applied as activators for sulfur vulcanization of styrene-butadiene elastomer (SBR) in order to reduce the content of zinc ions in rubber compounds as compared with conventionally used zinc oxide. In this article, the effects of different organic zinc activators on the curing characteristics, crosslink densities, and mechanical properties of SBR as well as the aging resistance and thermal behavior of vulcanizates are discussed. Organic zinc salts seem to be good substitutes for zinc oxide as activators for sulfur vulcanization of SBR rubber, without detrimental effects to the vulcanization time and temperature. Moreover, vulcanizates containing organic zinc salts exhibit higher tensile strength and better damping properties than vulcanizate crosslinked with zinc oxide. The application of organic zinc activators allows the amount of zinc ions in SBR compounds to be reduced by 70-90 wt % compared to vulcanizate with zinc oxide. This is very important for ecological reasons, since zinc oxide is classified as being toxic to aquatic species.read more
Citations
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Horsetail (Equisetum Arvense) as a Functional Filler for Natural Rubber Biocomposites.
TL;DR: A new method of using horsetail as a natural, lignocellulosic filler for a natural rubber matrix using elastomer biocomposites is presented, emphasizing the significant value of horsetails in its new role—as an active filler of elastomers biocom composites.
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Peroxide curing systems applied for cross-linking of rubber compounds based on SBR
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of peroxide curing system on cross-linking and properties of rubber compounds based on SBR and found that the effect of type I co-agents on curing kinetics was negligible, while most of them caused the reduction in crosslinking degree of vulcanizates.
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TL;DR: In this paper, peppermint, German chamomile, and yarrow were applied as natural fibrous fillers to create biocomposites containing substances of plant origin, which showed improved barrier properties and mechanical strength.
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Common Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) as an Active Filler of Natural Rubber Biocomposites.
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Zinc Complexes with 1,3-Diketones as Activators for Sulfur Vulcanization of Styrene-Butadiene Elastomer Filled with Carbon Black.
TL;DR: In this article, zinc oxide nanoparticles (N-ZnO) and zinc complexes with 1,3-diketones of different structures were applied instead of micro-sized zinc oxide (MZNO) to activate the sulfur vulcanization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
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