Journal ArticleDOI
Organization of the Primate Retina: Light Microscopy
TLDR
The structure of the human, but mainly of the rhesus monkey, retina as examined by Golgi-staining techniques is described and interpreted on evidence from both light and electron microscopy.Abstract:
The structure of the human, but mainly of the rhesus monkey, retina as examined by Golgi-staining techniques is described and interpreted on evidence from both light and electron microscopy. One type of rod bipolar cell and two types of cone bipolar cell are recognized. The rod bipolar is exclusively connected to rods. The midget bipolar is postsynaptic to only one cone but each cone is also presynaptic to a diffuse cone (flat) bipolar. Such flat bipolar cells are in synaptic relationship with about seven cones. No other bipolar cell types have been found. The brush bipolar of Polyak is interpreted as probably a distorted rod bipolar, while Polyak's centrifugal bipolar is a misinterpretation of the morphology of diffuse amacrine cells. When presumptive centrifugal bipolars were observed they appeared to be a developmental stage of amacrine cells. In the outer plexiform layer two types of horizontal cell have been defined. Each type of horizontal cell has a single axon and two kinds of horizontal cell axon terminals are recognized. In the inner plexiform layer there are two main classes of amacrine cells: the stratified amacrines and the diffuse amacrines. Each class of amacrine has a wide variety of shapes. Polyak's midget ganglion cell is confirmed and his five other kinds of ganglion cell are classified into diffuse and stratified ganglion cells according to the level at which their dendrites branch within the inner plexiform layer. A fuller summary is given by the diagram and in the legend of figure 98, p. 174. A new type of midget bipolar is described in the Appendix (p. 177).read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
TL;DR: The structure and connectivity of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been deduced from reconstructions of electron micrographs of serial sections as discussed by the authors.
Book
The synaptic organization of the brain
TL;DR: Introduction to synaptic circuits, Gordon M.Shepherd and Christof Koch membrane properties and neurotransmitter actions, David A.Brown and Anthony M.Brown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding: I. Parallel development and coding of neural feature detectors
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the parallel development and adult coding of neural feature detectors was proposed, where experience can retune feature detectors to respond to average features chosen from the set even if the average features have never been experienced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Topography of ganglion cells in human retina.
TL;DR: The spatial distribution of presumed ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells in unstained whole mounts of six young normal human retinas whose photoreceptor distributions had previously been characterized was quantified, suggesting meridianal differences in convergence onto individual ganglION cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
The morphological types of ganglion cells of the domestic cat's retina.
TL;DR: Three distinct morphological types of cat retinal ganglion cells have been identified and categorized as α, β and γ and these cells have dendritic field diameters from 180 to 1000 μm.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit's retina.
Horace Barlow,W. R. Levick +1 more
TL;DR: Experiments are described which show, first, that directional selectivity is not due to optical aberrations of some kind and, secondly, that it is not a simple matter of the latency of response varying systematically across the receptive field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Retinal ganglion cells responding selectively to direction and speed of image motion in the rabbit.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective Sensitivity to Direction of Movement in Ganglion Cells of the Rabbit Retina
Horace Barlow,Richard M. Hill +1 more
TL;DR: Among the ganglion cells in the rabbit's retina there is a class that responds to movement of a stimulus in one direction, and does not respond to movement in the opposite direction, but the selected direction differs in different cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Visual Pigments in Single Rods and Cones of the Human Retina
Paul K. Brown,George Wald +1 more
TL;DR: Difference spectra of the visual pigments have been measured in single rods and cones of a parafoveal region of the human retina, presumably samples of the three types of cone responsible for human color vision.
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