Journal ArticleDOI
Perspectives on the Arctic's Shrinking Sea-Ice Cover
TLDR
Although the large scatter between individual model simulations leads to much uncertainty as to when a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean might be realized, this transition to a new arctic state may be rapid once the ice thins to a more vulnerable state.Abstract:
Linear trends in arctic sea-ice extent over the period 1979 to 2006 are negative in every month. This ice loss is best viewed as a combination of strong natural variability in the coupled ice-ocean-atmosphere system and a growing radiative forcing associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases, the latter supported by evidence of qualitative consistency between observed trends and those simulated by climate models over the same period. Although the large scatter between individual model simulations leads to much uncertainty as to when a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean might be realized, this transition to a new arctic state may be rapid once the ice thins to a more vulnerable state. Loss of the ice cover is expected to affect the Arctic's freshwater system and surface energy budget and could be manifested in middle latitudes as altered patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification.
James A. Screen,Ian Simmonds +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the Arctic warming is strongest at the surface during most of the year and is primarily consistent with reductions in sea ice cover, and suggests that strong positive ice–temperature feedbacks have emerged in the Arctic, increasing the chances of further rapid warming and sea ice loss.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover
TL;DR: For example, the extent and area of the Arctic sea ice reached minima on 14 September 2007 at 4.1 × 106 km2 and 3.6 × 106 cm2, respectively as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Arctic’s rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: a research synthesis
Julienne Stroeve,Mark C. Serreze,Marika M. Holland,Jennifer E. Kay,Jennifer E. Kay,James Malanik,Andrew P. Barrett +6 more
TL;DR: The sequence of extreme September sea ice extent minima over the past decade suggests acceleration in the response of the Arctic sea ice cover to external forcing, hastening the ongoing transition towards a seasonally open Arctic Ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
The emergence of surface-based Arctic amplification
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that surface-based Arctic amplification is largely driven by loss of the sea ice cover, allowing for strong heat transfers from the ocean to the atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytoplankton in a changing world: cell size and elemental stoichiometry
Zoe V. Finkel,John Beardall,Kevin J. Flynn,Antonietta Quigg,Antonietta Quigg,T. Alwyn V. Rees,John A. Raven +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that cell size and elemental stoichiometry are promising ecophysiological traits for modelling and tracking changes in phytoplankton community structure in response to climate change.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
Eugenia Kalnay,Masao Kanamitsu,Robert Kistler,William D. Collins,D.G. Deaven,L. S. Gandin,M. Iredell,Suranjana Saha,Glenn H. White,John S. Woollen,Yuejian Zhu,Muthuvel Chelliah,Wesley Ebisuzaki,Wayne Higgins,John E. Janowiak,Kingtse C. Mo,Chester F. Ropelewski,Julian X. L. Wang,Ants Leetmaa,Richard W. Reynolds,Roy L. Jenne,Dennis Joseph +21 more
TL;DR: The NCEP/NCAR 40-yr reanalysis uses a frozen state-of-the-art global data assimilation system and a database as complete as possible, except that the horizontal resolution is T62 (about 210 km) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Arctic Amplification Debate
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare observed trajectories to near-future simulations (2010-2029), rather than to the doubled-CO2 or late 21st century conditions that are typically cited.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity of a global climate model to an increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the response of a global model of the climate to quadrupling of the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and found that the warming of the model atmosphere resulted in an enrichment of the moisture content in the air and an increase in the poleward moisture transport.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of sea-ice draft data acquired on submarine cruises between 1993 and 1997 with similar data acquired between 1958 and 1976 indicates that the mean ice draft at the end of the melt season has decreased by about 1.3 m in most of the deep water portion of the Arctic Ocean, from 3.1 m in 1958-1976 to 1.8 m in the 1990s.
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