Journal ArticleDOI
Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and hyphosphere of VA mycorrhizal wheat supplied with inorganic and organic phosphorus
TLDR
A stimulatory effect of organic P in the form ofphytate on mycorrhizal infection and hyphal growth as well as the efficient use of phytate-P by phosphatase of mycor Rhizosphere and hyphae are demonstrated.Abstract:
To examine the phosphatase activity of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere and hyphosphere, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown for 60 days in two sterilized soils in pots with five compartments, a central one for root growth (rhizosphere) and two adjacent on both sides next to the root compartment for hyphal growth (hyphosphere) and an outer compartment on both sides where root and hyphae could not penetrate. Compartmentation was accomplished by a 30 μm nylon net or a 0.45 μm membrane, in the two types of compartment, respectively. All compartments received a uniform concentration of phosphorus (200 P mg kg−1 soil), either in organic (Na-phytate) or inorganic [Ca(H2PO4)2] form. Plants were inoculated with Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd) Gerd & Trappe or remained uninfected. In the root compartment acid phosphatase activity was much higher than alkaline phosphatase activity, and both were slightly enhanced by mycorrhizal infection. Throughout the hyphal compartment, phosphatase activities were distinctly higher in the presence of mycorrhizal plants particularly with a supply of organic P which also increased the percentage of infected root length. Phosphatase activity was strongly correlated with hyphal length which was highest within 10 mm from the root surface. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased plant dry weight. P content and total P uptake irrespectively of P sources and soils. Of the total P uptake mycorrhizal contribution accounted for 24–33% with P supplied in inorganic form, and 48–59% with P supplied in organic form. The results demonstrate a stimulatory effect of organic P in the form of phytate on mycorrhizal infection and hyphal growth as well as the efficient use of phytate-P by phosphatase of mycorrhizal hyphae.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in ecosystems – a journey towards relevance?
David Read,Jesús Pérez-Moreno +1 more
TL;DR: The results support the hypothesis that selection has favoured ericoid and ectomycorrhizal systems with well developed saprotrophic capabilities in those ecosystems characterized by retention of N and P as organic complexes in the soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of plants, mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation.
TL;DR: A brief review of studies in the area of phytoaccumulation is provided, most of which have been carried out in Europe and the USA, with particular attention given to the role of phytochelators in making the heavy metals bio- available to the plant and their symbionts in enhancing the uptake of bio-available heavy metals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activity by N and P availability
Lydia Olander,Peter M. Vitousek +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, acid phosphatase and chitinase(N-acetyl s-D-glucosaminide) activity in soil was measured across a chronosequence in Hawaii where N and Pavailability varies substantially among sites and longterm fertilizer plots had been maintained for over 4 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grassroots ecology: plant-microbe-soil interactions as drivers of plant community structure and dynamics
TL;DR: It is suggested that positive feedback between plants and soil microbes plays a central role in early successional communities, while negative feedback contributes both to species replacements and to diversification in later successional Communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Networks of power and influence: the role of mycorrhizal mycelium in controlling plant communities and agroecosystem functioning
TL;DR: The potential contribution of extraradical mycorrhizal mycelium to sustainable agriculture and maintenance of biodiversity is assessed and technologies that promise new vistas and improved fine-scale resolution of the dynamic spatial and temporal functioning of these networks in soil are highlighted.
References
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Biometery: The principles and practice of statistics in biological research
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for the analysis of variance in a single-classification and two-way and multiway analysis of Variance with the assumption of correlation.
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Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research
Robert R. Sokal,F. James Rohlf +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for the analysis of variance in a single-classification and two-way and multiway analysis of Variance with the assumption of correlation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection.
J.M. Phillips,D. S. Hayman +1 more
TL;DR: To improve stain penetration and clearing in whole mycorrhizal roots of onion and other host plants, and in roots infected by other fungi, the following two procedures are developed, which give deeply stained fungal structures which show distinctly against the outlines of the cells in the cortex of intact roots.
Journal ArticleDOI
An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots
TL;DR: The standard error of four methods of assessment based on observations of stained root samples either randomly arranged in a petri dish or mounted on microscope slides are calculated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity
M. A. Tabatabai,J. M. Bremner +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple method of assaying soil phosphatase activity is described, which involves colorimetric estimation of the p-nitrophenol released by the enzyme when the soil is incubated with buffered (pH 6·5) sodium pnphosphorus solution and toluene at 37°C for 1 hour.
Related Papers (5)
Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity
M. A. Tabatabai,J. M. Bremner +1 more
An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots
Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection.
J.M. Phillips,D. S. Hayman +1 more