Showing papers in "Chemosphere in 2000"

TL;DR: The organic forms of mercury are generally more toxic to aquatic organisms and birds than the inorganic forms, and the form of retained mercury in birds is more variable and depends on species, target organ and geographical site.

TL;DR: The accumulation and ongoing increase in the levels of PBDEs calls for immediate measures to stop the environmental pollution and human exposure toPBDEs.

TL;DR: A brief review of studies in the area of phytoaccumulation is provided, most of which have been carried out in Europe and the USA, with particular attention given to the role of phytochelators in making the heavy metals bio- available to the plant and their symbionts in enhancing the uptake of bio-available heavy metals.

TL;DR: Different techniques of revegetation are available for temperate and arid, subtropical regions depending on the characteristics of the waste, including direct seeding with commercially available plants, use of cover and barrier systems and the enhancement of natural revegetations.

TL;DR: The biodegradability of some clinically important antibiotic drugs and the elimination of their genotoxicity was investigated as the first step of an environmental risk assessment using the Closed Bottle test (CBT) (OECD 301 D) and the SOS chromotest.

TL;DR: The observed toxicity of OA to D. magna indicates that this substance, which is a commonly used feed additive in fish farms, has a potential to cause adverse effects on the aquatic environment.

TL;DR: A systematic optimization study carried out by factorial design showed that for the reactive dyes tested, the ZnO semiconductor exhibits a better efficiency than that observed with anatase TiO2.

TL;DR: Inorganic nutrients stimulated hydrocarbon biodegradation but not all biological activities to a significant extent, and the residual hydrocarbon content correlated positively with soil respiration, biomass-C (substrate-induced respiration), and with activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease and catalase.

TL;DR: The growth inhibiting effects of eight antibiotics used either therapeutically or as growth promoters in intensive farming on two species of micro algae were investigated and M. aeruginosa is found to be about two orders of magnitude more sensitive than S. capricornutum.

TL;DR: Soil column leaching experiments indicated large differences in the mobility of the four antibiotic substances, corresponding to their respective sorption capabilities.

TL;DR: Comparisons of predicted concentrations of furosemide, ibuprofen, oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin in sludge based on either preliminary experimental sludge-water partition coefficient (Kd), octanol-water coefficients (Kow) or acid-base constants (pKa) revealed large variations.

TL;DR: Literature search of the knowledge on the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environmental compartments air, water, soil and sediment was done in purpose to find properties of POPs of interest for modeling.

TL;DR: Kinetics analysis from batch studies revealed that the denitrification reaction with nanoscale Fe0 appeared to be a pseudo first-order with respect to substrate and the observed reaction rate constant varied with iron content at a relatively low degree of application, suggesting that theDenitrification appears to be coupled with oxidative dissolution of iron through a largely mass transport-limited surface reaction (<40 rpm).

TL;DR: The feasibility and prospects of the novel photochemical methods of using Fe(III) salts and oxides in wastewater treatments are being discussed in this paper.

TL;DR: It is suggested that heavy metal-contaminated soil could be remediated with a combination of chemical treatments and plants.

TL;DR: Beta-estradiol equivalent concentrations (EEQ) were 58 and 70 ng/l in the influent and 6 ng/L in the effluent, indicating that the load of estrogenic activity of the wastewater was reduced by about 90% in the sewage plant, and less than 3% of the estrogenicactivity was found in the sludge.

TL;DR: The results indicated linear type isotherms for sorption and desorption in all marine sediments studied, indicative of sorption hysteresis and significant with respect to sediment remediation in contaminated harbors and coastal areas.

TL;DR: The results of this study indicated that a general absence of serious pollution in the Atatürk Dam Lake is due to heavy metals, where as the concentrations of elements found could mainly be attributed to geological sources.

TL;DR: The participants discussed the health risks for infants, cancer and non-cancer endpoints in humans and animals, mechanistic aspects, kinetic behaviour, modelling, exposure, and the applicability of the toxic equivalency (TEQ) concept, which focused on the most sensitive effects seen at low doses in animal studies.

TL;DR: The two most important classroom air quality problems in Hong Kong were PM10 and CO2 levels, and the average respirable particulate matter concentrations were higher than the HK Objective and the maximum indoor PM10 level exceeded 1000 microg/m3.

TL;DR: An improved model to calculate toxicity potentials: the global nested multi-media fate, exposure and effects model USES-LCA, based on the Uniform System for the Evaluation of Substances 2.0 is outlined.

TL;DR: The predictions of bisolute adsorption isotherms of the mentioned three systems, Cu2+-Cd2+, Cu2-Ni2+ and Cd2- Ni2+ showed good agreement with experimental data when using Extended-Langmuir, Extended-Freundlich and IAST, however, the only good fit of the Sips model was with the Cu2+.

TL;DR: GC/MS analyses of the degradation products of the dye C. I. reactive red 2 demonstrated some important steps producing hydrogenated azo structure, substituted benzene and substituted naphthalene, and their mechanisms for reduction photooxidation are proposed.

TL;DR: It could be inferred that chromium toxicity is not located at the level of ALA synthesis, but, probably at the ALAD activity which was more severely affected during chlorophyll biosynthesis, which resulted in reduced totalchlorophyll content.

TL;DR: Most probably degradation by nitrifying sludge results in a loss of estrogenic activity, as hydroxylated derivatives of EE2 are known to have a substantially lower pharmacological activity than EE2.

TL;DR: This paper describes the use of photo-fenton process for color removal from textile wastewater stream and finds that up to 96% of color can be removed within 30 min under the studied conditions.

TL;DR: To manage possible risks arising from Bisphenol A contamination, the major fluxes need to been obtained and the contributors to the contamination of municipal treatment plants need to be determined.

TL;DR: Hydroxyl radical formation rate and time dependent concentration were determined in pure water, in aqueous fulvic acid and humic acid solutions, and in natural surface waters, while increased radical formation was observed with FA at certain pH values.

TL;DR: Results show that the higher the phenanthrene concentration, the slower the degradation rate and that when nonionic surfactants were present at levels above critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), Phenanthrene degradation was completely inhibited by the addition of Brij 30 and Brij 35, and delayed by the added of Triton X100 and Trit on N101.