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Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium 'Candidatus Brocadia sinica'.

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TLDR
Physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures are compared to provide a better understanding of anamm ox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.
Abstract
The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg N m−3 day−1. The anammox bacteria were identified as representing ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’ on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 0.0041 h−1, corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (K s) for ammonium and nitrite of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ were 28±4 and 86±4 µM, respectively, higher than those of ‘Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans’ and ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25–45 °C and pH 6.5–8.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of nitrite (50 % inhibition at 16 mM), ethanol (91 % at 1 mM) and methanol (86 % at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70 % of baseline in the presence of 20 mM phosphorus and 3 % salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic carbon production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol NH 4 + )−1, respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.

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Journal ArticleDOI

The inhibition of the Anammox process: A review

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed review of previous researches on the inhibition of Anammox processes is presented, where the effect of inhibitory substances, such as substrates (ammonia and nitrite), organic matter (nontoxic organic matter and toxic organic matter), salts, heavy metals, phosphate and sulfide, are commonly present in the practical applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation.

TL;DR: An analysis of the metabolic opportunities of anammox bacteria suggests alternative chemolithotrophic lifestyles that are independent of these compounds, and current concepts are still largely hypothetical and put forward the most intriguing questions that need experimental answers.
Journal ArticleDOI

Anammox-based technologies for nitrogen removal: Advances in process start-up and remaining issues

TL;DR: An integrated system of anammox-based process and microbial fuel cell is proposed for sustainable and energy-positive wastewater treatment and researches on technological development for solving remaining problems are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI

Ecology and physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria

TL;DR: The current knowledge of anammox bacterial ecology and physiology is summarized in this review to assess the potential ecological niche partitioning ofAnammox bacteria in natural and synthetic ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI

Microbial characterization of aggregates within a one-stage nitritation–anammox system using high-throughput amplicon sequencing

TL;DR: In this article, a lab-scale nitritation-anammox sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was established and the microbial community structure was further characterized, in order to provide the comprehensive insight into the key microbial groups in one-stage Nitritation Anammox system.
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