Policy challenges facing integrated community case management in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Sara Bennett,Asha George,Daniela C. Rodríguez,Jessica Shearer,Brahima Diallo,Mamadou Konate,Sarah L Dalglish,Pamela A. Juma,Ireen Namakhoma,Hastings T Banda,Baltazar Chilundo,Alda Mariano,Julie Cliff +12 more
TLDR
In‐depth analysis of policy change for integrated community case management of childhood illness in six sub‐Saharan African countries shows how iCCM policies developed and the barriers and facilitators to policy change.Abstract:
Objective: To report an in-depth analysis of policy change for integrated community case management of childhood illness (iCCM) in six sub-Saharan African countries. We analysed how iCCM policies developed and the barriers and facilitators to policy change. Methods: Qualitative retrospective case studies drawing from document reviews semi-structured interviews and in-country validation workshops were conducted in Burkina Faso Kenya Malawi Mali Mozambique and Niger. These countries were selected to maximise variation in iCCM policy status community health worker (CHW) models and different African regions. Results: Country iCCM policies evolved in an ad hoc fashion but were substantially influenced by the history of primary health care and the nature of CHW programmes. Technical officers within Ministries of Health led iCCM policy change with support from international donors but neither communities nor political leadership was mobilised. Concerns about achieving the Millennium Development Goals together with recognition of the shortcomings of existing child health programmes led to the adoption of iCCM policies. Availability of external financing played a critical role in facilitating policy change. Conclusions: iCCM policy change has been promoted by international agencies but national governments have struggled to align iCCM with country health systems. Greater investment is needed in tailoring global policy initiatives to match country needs. High-level political ownership of iCCM policies could facilitate policy change as could clearer strategies for ensuring the long-term sustainability of such policies.read more
Citations
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The global pendulum swing towards community health workers in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review of trends, geographical distribution and programmatic orientations, 2005 to 2014
TL;DR: The growth in literature on CHWs provides empirical evidence of ever-increasing expectations for addressing health burdens through community-based action and raises important questions for the design and sustainable delivery of integrated national programmes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of malaria RDTs in various health contexts across sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.
TL;DR: Malaria RDTs are generally used well, though compliance with test results is variable – especially in the formal health care sector, and Multidisciplinary research should continue to explore determinants of good RDT use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why do policies change? Institutions, interests, ideas and networks in three cases of policy reform
TL;DR: It was found that while network changes were indeed associated with policy reform, this relationship was mediated by one or more of institutions, interests and ideas, which enabled the entry and dissemination of new ideas and shifts in the overall balance of interest power ultimately leading to policy change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community case management of childhood illness in sub-Saharan Africa - findings from a cross-sectional survey on policy and implementation.
Kumanan Rasanathan,Maria Muñiz,Salina Bakshi,Meghan Kumar,Agnes Solano,Wanjiku Kariuki,Asha George,Mariame Sylla,Rory Nefdt,Mark Young,Theresa Diaz +10 more
TL;DR: Most countries in sub–Saharan Africa now report implementing CCM for pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria, or “iCCM”, so a focus on implementation is now required, including monitoring and evaluation of performance, quality and impact.
Towards a grand convergence for child survival and health: A strategic review of options for the future building on lessons learnt from IMNCI.
TL;DR: This strategic review provides direction to the global child health community on how to better assist countries to deliver the best possible strategies to help each child survive and thrive.
References
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Book
Case Study Research: Design and Methods
TL;DR: In this article, buku ini mencakup lebih dari 50 studi kasus, memberikan perhatian untuk analisis kuantitatif, membahas lebah lengkap penggunaan desain metode campuran penelitian, and termasuk wawasan metodologi baru.
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The Science of "Muddling Through"
TL;DR: Lindblom, C.E. as mentioned in this paper discussed the science of "muddling through" in the context of monetary policy. But he did not consider monetary policy with respect to inflation.
Book ChapterDOI
The science of muddling through
TL;DR: Lindblom, C.E. as mentioned in this paper discussed the science of "muddling through" in the context of monetary policy. But he did not consider monetary policy with respect to inflation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Where and why are 10 million children dying every year
TL;DR: The importance of undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with infectious diseases, the effects of multiple concurrent illnesses, and recognition that pneumonia and diarrhoea remain the diseases that are most often associated with child deaths as mentioned in this paper.
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How many child deaths can we prevent this year
TL;DR: The findings show that the interventions needed to achieve the millennium development goal of reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015 are available, but that they are not being delivered to the mothers and children who need them.