Journal ArticleDOI
Polyaniline nanotubes: conditions of formation
Elena N. Konyushenko,Jaroslav Stejskal,Ivana Šeděnková,Miroslava Trchová,Irina Sapurina,Miroslav Cieslar,Jan Prokeš +6 more
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TLDR
In this paper, it was shown that the PANI morphology depends on the acidity conditions during the reaction rather than on the chemical nature of the acid, and that PANI nanotubes were also produced when aniline was oxidized in the absence of any acid.Abstract:
The courses of aniline oxidation with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous solutions of strong (sulfuric) and in weak (acetic) acids, followed by temperature and acidity changes, are different. In solutions of sulfuric acid, granular polyaniline (PANI) was produced; in solutions of acetic acid, PANI nanotubes were obtained. The external diameter of the nanotubes was 100–300 nm, the internal cavity 20–100 nm, and the length extended to several micrometres. The morphology of PANI, granular or tubular, depends on the acidity conditions during the reaction rather than on the chemical nature of the acid. PANI nanotubes were also produced when aniline was oxidized in the absence of any acid. The bulk conductivity of PANI prepared in solutions of acetic acid was 0.08–0.27 S cm−1, depending on the acid concentration. Protonated PANI prepared in sulfuric and acetic acids were deprotonated with ammonium hydroxide to obtain PANI bases and the ammonium salt of the protonating acid. FTIR spectroscopy showed the differences in the molecular structure of the PANI bases. Irrespective of whether the polymerization was performed in solutions of sulfuric or acetic acid, PANI had hydrogen sulfate counter-ions only. The PANI morphology is thus not controlled by the nature of counter-ions. The acidity of the reaction medium determines the protonation of monomer, oligomer and polymer species. The chemistry of aniline oxidation is likely to be affected especially by the protonation of an intermediate in the pernigraniline form. It is proposed that, in the course of aniline oxidation, pH-dependent self-assembly of aniline oligomers predetermines the final PANI morphology. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industryread more
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Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation
TL;DR: A review of PANI nanostructures can be found in this paper, where a model of a flowing template combined with a helical nanotubular growth is proposed to account for the formation of nanotubes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in polyaniline research: Polymerization mechanisms, structural aspects, properties and applications
TL;DR: Recent progress in synthesis, characterization, processing and application of polyaniline (PANI) with the focus on the period 2010-2012 is reviewed in this paper, where new insights in the mechanism of formation of molecular/supramolecular PANI structures are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theoretical and experimental specific capacitance of polyaniline in sulfuric acid
TL;DR: The theoretical mass specific capacitance (C s ) of polyaniline (PANI) is firstly estimated by combining electrical double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mechanism of the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the formation of supramolecular polyaniline structures
Irina Sapurina,Jaroslav Stejskal +1 more
TL;DR: A molecular mechanism for the oxidation of aniline is proposed in this paper, which explains the specific features of polyaniline oligomerization and polymerization in various acidity ranges.
Journal ArticleDOI
One‐Dimensional Conducting Polymer Nanostructures: Bulk Synthesis and Applications
TL;DR: A brief overview of current research activities in the field of 1D conducting polymer nanostructures can be found in this article, where the synthesis, properties, and applications of these materials are outlined with a strong emphasis on recent literature examples.
References
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Spectrometric identification of organic compounds
TL;DR: In this paper, a sequence of procedures for identifying an unknown organic liquid using mass, NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy is presented, along with specific examples of unknowns and their spectra.
Journal ArticleDOI
A general chemical route to polyaniline nanofibers.
Jiaxing Huang,Richard B. Kaner +1 more
TL;DR: Interfacial polymerization is shown to be readily scalable to produce bulk quantities of nanofibers and the measured Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the nan ofibers increases as the average diameter decreases.
Journal ArticleDOI
POLYANILINE. PREPARATION OF A CONDUCTING POLYMER (IUPAC Technical Report)
TL;DR: In this article, aniline hydrochloride was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous medium at ambient temperature and the electrical conductivity of polyaniline was measured at room temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polyanilines: a novel class of conducting polymers
TL;DR: The polyanilines are a class of polymers the base form of which has the general formula [graphic omitted] containing y reduced and (1 -y) oxidized repeat groups.