Journal ArticleDOI
Predator-prey spatial game as a tool to understand the effects of protected areas on harvester-wildlife interactions.
Vincent Tolon,Vincent Tolon,Jodie Martin,Stéphane Dray,Anne Loison,Claude Fischer,Eric Baubet +6 more
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Prey-searching strategies adopted by hunters around reserves strongly impacted animal mortality and the efficiency of the protected area for this harvested species, and predator-prey spatial games provide a powerful theoretical background for understanding wildlife-harvester spatial interactions and developing substantial application for sustainable harvesting.Abstract:
No-take reserves are sometimes implemented for sustainable population harvesting because they offer opportunities for animals to spatially avoid harvesters, whereas harvesters can benefit in return from the reserve spillover. Here, we used the framework of predator-prey spatial games to understand how protected areas shape spatial interactions between harvesters and target species and determine animal mortality. In these spatial games, the "predator" searches for "prey" and matches their habitat use, unless it meets spatial constraints offering the opportunity for prey to avoid the mortality source. However, such prey refuges could attract predators in the surroundings, which questions the potential benefits for prey. We located, in the Geneva Basin (France), hunting dogs and wild boar Sus scrofa L. during hunting seasons with global positioning systems and very-high-frequency collars. We quantified how the proximity of the reserve shaped the matching between both habitat uses using multivariate analyses and linked these patterns to animals' mortality with a Cox regression analysis. Results showed that habitat uses by both protagonists disassociated only when hunters were spatially constrained by the reserve. In response, hunters increased hunting efforts near the reserve boundary, which induced a higher risk exposure for animals settled over the reserve. The mortality of adult wild boar decreased near the reserve as the mismatch between both habitat uses increased. However the opposite pattern was determined for younger individuals that suffered from the high level of hunting close to the reserve. The predator-prey analogy was an accurate prediction of how the protected area modified spatial relationships between harvesters and target species. Prey-searching strategies adopted by hunters around reserves strongly impacted animal mortality and the efficiency of the protected area for this harvested species. Increasing reserve sizes and/or implementing buffer areas with harvesting limitations can dampen this edge effect and helps harvesters to benefit durably from source populations of reserves. Predator-prey spatial games therefore provide a powerful theoretical background for understanding wildlife-harvester spatial interactions and developing substantial application for sustainable harvesting.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Additive effects of climate change on connectivity between marine protected areas and larval supply to fished areas
Marco Andrello,Marco Andrello,Marco Andrello,David Mouillot,David Mouillot,Samuel Somot,Wilfried Thuiller,Wilfried Thuiller,Stéphanie Manel,Stéphanie Manel +9 more
TL;DR: Climate change will influence connectivity and the effectiveness of MPA networks, and should receive more attention in future conservation planning and large-scale population dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differences in the activity pattern of the wild boar Sus scrofa related to human disturbance
Haruka Ohashi,Masae Saito,Reiko Horie,Hiroshi Tsunoda,Hiromu Noba,Haruka Ishii,Takashi Kuwabara,Yutaka Hiroshige,Shinsuke Koike,Yoshinobu Hoshino,Hiroto Toda,Koichi Kaji +11 more
TL;DR: In the hunting season, relative abundance indices (RAI) of wild boars significantly decreased, and the proportion of activity at night increased compared with the nonhunting season, and re-evaluation of the human factor is important for more intelligent management ofWild boar populations and to solve the human–wildlife conflict.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancing species distribution modeling by characterizing predator–prey interactions
TL;DR: The results encourage greater effort to quantify spatial locations of trophic interactions among species in a community and the associated environmental conditions when attempting to construct models aimed at projecting current and future species geographic distributions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape effects on wild boar home range size under contrasting harvest regimes in a human-dominated agro-ecosystem
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of landscape and anthropogenic variables on wild boar ranging patterns across contrasting harvest regimes were investigated in the Geneva Basin where two main harvest regimes coexist (day hunt and night cull).
References
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TL;DR: Copyright (©) 1999–2012 R Foundation for Statistical Computing; permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved on all copies.
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The package “adehabitat” for the R software: A tool for the analysis of space and habitat use by animals
TL;DR: The “adehabitat” package for the R software is presented, which offers basic GIS functions, methods to analyze radio-tracking data and habitat selection by wildlife, and interfaces with other R packages.