Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in the Kagera region of Tanzania: a population-based study.
Japhet Killewo,K.M. Nyamuryekung'e,Anita Sandström,U. Bredberg-Raden,Stig Wall,Fred Mhalu,Gunnel Biberfeld +6 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection among adults was 9.6%, with a higher prevalence in the urban zone than in the three rural zones, while the age-standardized sex-specific prevalence was higher among women than men in theurban zone, while it was the same in the rural zones.Abstract:
A population-based survey was carried out in the Kagera region of the United Republic of Tanzania in 1987 to determine the magnitude of HIV-1 infection and to study associated risk factors. The region was divided into one urban and three rural zones. A multistage cluster sampling technique was adopted. Antibodies to HIV-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by Western blot analysis. A total of 2,475 adults (aged 15-54 years) and 1,961 children (aged 0-14 years) was studied. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection among adults was 9.6%, with a higher prevalence in the urban zone (24.2%) than in the three rural zones (10.0, 4.5 and 0.4%, respectively). The corresponding figures for children were 1.3% overall: 3.9% in the urban area and for the rural areas 1.2, 0.8 and 0.0%, respectively. The age-specific seroprevalence for adults was highest in the age group 25-34 years. The age-standardized sex-specific prevalence was higher among women than men in the urban zone, while it was the same in the rural zones. Change of sexual partners among adults was associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 seropositivity. Travelling outside the region but within the country was also found to be associated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection but only in the rural population.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The spread of HIV-1 in Africa: sexual contact patterns and the predicted demographic impact of AIDS
TL;DR: Current data reveal substantial variations in the degree of spread between and in countries, but new analyses support earlier predictions that in the worst-afflicted areas AIDS is likely to change population growth rates from positive to negative values in a few decades.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) seroprevalence and characterization of a distinct HIV-2 genetic subtype from the natural range of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected sooty mangabeys.
Zhiwei Chen,Amara Luckay,Donald L. Sodora,Paul Telfer,Patricia Reed,Agegnehu Gettie,James Kanu,Ramses Sadek,Jo Ann Yee,David D. Ho,Linqi Zhang,Preston A. Marx +11 more
TL;DR: Support is provided for the hypotheses that new HIV-2 subtypes result from independent cross-species transmission of SIVsm to the human population and that these single-occurrence transmission events had not spread widely into the population by 1993.
Journal ArticleDOI
The incidence of HIV infection among women using family planning methods in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.
TL;DR: Findings confirm that a large number of new HIV infections continue to occur in this population of women in Tanzania and no significant association was observed between HIV and use of specific contraceptive methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transmission of HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa and effect of elimination of unsafe injections.
George P. Schmid,Anne Buvé,P. Mugyenyi,Geoff P. Garnett,Richard J. Hayes,Brian G. Williams,Jesus Maria Garcia Calleja,Kevin M. De Cock,James A. G. Whitworth,Saidi Kapiga,Peter D. Ghys,Catherine Hankins,Basia Zaba,Robert Heimer,J. Ties Boerma +14 more
TL;DR: There is no compelling evidence that unsafe injections are a predominant mode of HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, and epidemiological evidence indicates that sexual transmission continues to be by far the major mode of spread in the region.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual Behaviour Patterns and Other Risk Factors for HIV Infection in Rural Tanzania: A Case-Control Study
Maria A Quigley,Katua Munguti,Heiner Grosskurth,Jim Todd,Frank Mosha,Kesheni P. Senkoro,J N Newell,Philippe Mayaud,G Ka-Gina,Klokke Ah,David Mabey,Awena Gavyole,Richard J. Hayes +12 more
TL;DR: The results confirm marked heterogeneity in HIV risk, indicating the scope for risk reduction strategies in these rural communities, where many HIV infections occur through sexual transmission.