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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Probe and Sensors Development for Level Measurement of Fats, Oils and Grease in Grease Boxes

TLDR
The design, development and testing of a set of probes for FOG level measurement, based on the principles used in sensors for the detection of liquids inside containers, is described, and the most suitable probe,based on the capacitance principle, was developed and tested.
Abstract
The wide spread of food outlets has become an environmental and sanitation infrastructure problem, due to Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG). A grease box is used at the industrials facilities to collect the FOG, in a specific time window, while its quality is good for recycling (e.g., biodiesel) and it is economically valuable. After this period, it will be disposed at a cost. For the proper management of the grease boxes, it is necessary to know the quantity of FOG inside the boxes, which is a major problem, as the boxes are sealed and permanently filled with water. The lack of homogeneity of the FOG renders it not detectable by current probes for level detection in liquids. In this article, the design, development and testing of a set of probes for FOG level measurement, based on the principles used in sensors for the detection of liquids inside containers, is described. The most suitable probe, based on the capacitance principle, together with the necessary hardware and software modules for data acquisition and transmission, was developed and tested. After the development phase, the probe was integrated on a metropolitan system for FOG collection and grease box management in partnership with a grease box management company.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Forecasting multiple waste collecting sites for the agro-food industry

TL;DR: A model that forecasts the daily input of thousands of industrial and commercial sites of the agro-food industry based on historical data is proposed that rejects errors and outliers to simplify the forecast of future collections and is applied to a real case study.
Dissertation

Análise dos Aspetos de Sustentabilidade Ambiental em Unidades de Alimentação Coletiva dos Serviços de Ação Social da Universidade do Porto

TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the concept of an Índice of Tabelas, a metric used to measure the size of a set of columns in a column.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

An IoT Sensing System for Managing Industrial FOG-Separators

TL;DR: In this article , a combined IoT monitoring solution is proposed to automate the remote management of industrial FOG-Separators, aiming to prevent or reduce leakage of FOG and food debris into sewer systems.
References
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Book

Hall-effect sensors : theory and applications

TL;DR: The theory and math behind the Hall effect can be found in this article, where the authors present a detailed discussion of the theoretical and practical Hall effect transducers and transducer geometry.
Journal ArticleDOI

Recovery and pre-treatment of fats, oil and grease from grease interceptors for biodiesel production

TL;DR: In this article, the FFA content of FOG derived from grease interceptors did not exceed 8% (w/w) due to constant influx of fresh FOG from wastewater.
Journal ArticleDOI

Evidence for fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposit formation mechanisms in sewer lines.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the formation of FOG deposits occurs from the aggregation of excess calcium compressing the double layer of free fatty acid micelles and a saponification reaction between aggregated calcium and free fatty acids.
Journal ArticleDOI

Liquid-level sensor with optical fibers

TL;DR: In this paper, a liquid-level sensor consisting of three optical fibers is described, where a light is projected onto an oil surface through a transmitting fiber and a receiving fiber picks up the light reflected from the oil surface.