Open AccessJournal Article
Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Summary of the Evidence
Thad Wilkins,Jacqueline Sequoia +1 more
TLDR
Probiotics have an important role in the maintenance of immunologic equilibrium in the gastrointestinal tract through the direct interaction with immune cells and are safe for infants, children, adults, and older patients, but caution is advised in immunologically vulnerable populations.Abstract:
Probiotics contain microorganisms, most of which are bacteria similar to the beneficial bacteria that occur naturally in the human gut. Probiotics have been widely studied in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. The most-studied species include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces. However, a lack of clear guidelines on when to use probiotics and the most effective probiotic for different gastrointestinal conditions may be confusing for family physicians and their patients. Probiotics have an important role in the maintenance of immunologic equilibrium in the gastrointestinal tract through the direct interaction with immune cells. Probiotic effectiveness can be species-, dose-, and disease-specific, and the duration of therapy depends on the clinical indication. There is high-quality evidence that probiotics are effective for acute infectious diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhea, hepatic encephalopathy, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Conversely, there is evidence that probiotics are not effective for acute pancreatitis and Crohn disease. Probiotics are safe for infants, children, adults, and older patients, but caution is advised in immunologically vulnerable populations.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease
Ronald D. Hills,Benjamin Pontefract,Hillary R. Mishcon,Cody Black,Cody Black,Steven C. Sutton,Cory R. Theberge +6 more
TL;DR: The role of diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, and prebiotic fiber in maintaining healthy gut flora is reviewed and the implications are discussed for various conditions including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, and cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Health Benefits of Heat-Killed (Tyndallized) Probiotics: An Overview.
TL;DR: Data indicate that heat-killed bacteria or their fractions or purified components have key probiotic effects, with advantages versus live probiotics (mainly their safety profile), positioning them as interesting strategies for the management of common prevalent conditions in a wide variety of patients´ characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mechanism and treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19.
TL;DR: As SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the feces of COVID-19 patients, future prevention and control efforts must consider the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of the virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Probiotics: Versatile Bioactive Components in Promoting Human Health.
Javad Sharifi-Rad,Célia F. Rodrigues,Zorica Stojanović-Radić,Marina Dimitrijević,Ana Aleksić,Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska,Dorota Zielińska,Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska,Bahare Salehi,Selvaraj Milton Prabu,Francine Schütz,Anca Oana Docea,Natália Martins,Daniela Calina +13 more
TL;DR: This paper provides an integrative overview of different aspects of probiotics, from human health care applications to safety, quality, and control, and one of the novelties of this review is the presentation of the beneficial effects of the administration of Probiotics as a potential adjuvant therapy in COVID-19.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alexander C. Ford,Eamonn Martin Quigley,Brian E. Lacy,Anthony Lembo,Yuri A. Saito,Lawrence R. Schiller,Edy E. Soffer,Brennan Spiegel,Paul Moayyedi +8 more
TL;DR: Probiotics are effective treatments for IBS, although which individual species and strains are the most beneficial remains unclear, and the efficacy of all three therapies in CIC is also uncertain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhea in adults and children
Joshua Z. Goldenberg,Christina Yap,Lyubov Lytvyn,Calvin Ka-Fung Lo,Jennifer Beardsley,Dominik Mertz,Bradley C. Johnston +6 more
TL;DR: The overall evidence warrants moderate confidence in this large relative risk reduction of C. difficile infection in adults and children, and the overall quality of evidence for CDAD is downgraded to 'moderate' due to imprecision.
Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
Susanne Hempel,Sydne J Newberry,Alicia Ruelaz Maher,Zhen Wang,Jeremy N. V. Miles,Roberta M. Shanman,Paul G. Shekelle +6 more
TL;DR: The pooled evidence suggests that probiotics are associated with a reduction in AAD, and there exists significant heterogeneity in pooled results and the evidence is insufficient to determine whether this association varies systematically by population, antibiotic characteristic, or probiotic preparation.
Journal ArticleDOI
American College of Gastroenterology monograph on the management of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation.
Alexander C. Ford,Paul Moayyedi,Brian E. Lacy,Anthony Lembo,Yuri A. Saito,Lawrence R. Schiller,Edy E. Soffer,Brennan Spiegel,Eamonn Martin Quigley +8 more
TL;DR: The criteria developed through the Rome process, currently in its third iteration, have been those most widely employed in clinical trials and, therefore, most relevant to any review of the literature on the management of these disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
TL;DR: Probiotics appear to be safe and have clear beneficial effects in shortening the duration and reducing stool frequency in acute infectious diarrhoea and more research is needed to guide the use of particular probiotic regimens in specific patient groups.