Protective efficacy of live-attenuated influenza vaccine (multivalent, Ann Arbor strain): a literature review addressing interference.
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TLDR
No clinically significant evidence of viral or immune interference affecting efficacy of LAIV strains in multivalent vaccine formulations is found and future clinical studies should compare the safety and immune responses of children and adults to licensed trivalent and investigational quadrivalent LAIV formulations.Abstract:
Selecting the B strain for inclusion in a trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine has been difficult because two distinct influenza B lineages frequently co-circulate, prompting consideration of a quadrivalent vaccine containing two A and two B strains. Because interference among wild-type influenza viruses is a well-documented phenomenon and viral replication is required to elicit protection by the licensed live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV; MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), a potential quadrivalent formulation raises considerations of interference among the LAIV strains contained in the vaccine. We reviewed the available clinical and nonclinical literature to understand the potential impact of viral interference on immunogenicity, efficacy and shedding of LAIV strains. We have found no clinically significant evidence of viral or immune interference affecting efficacy of LAIV strains in multivalent vaccine formulations. Future clinical studies should compare the safety and immune responses of children and adults to licensed trivalent and investigational quadrivalent LAIV formulations.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Correlates of protection to influenza virus, where do we go from here?
TL;DR: There is a need for detailed immunological analysis including kinetic studies and head to head comparison of vaccines by a range of immunological assays to further define correlates of protection.
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Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine for adults and children in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2015/16 end-ofseason results
Richard Pebody,Fiona Warburton,Joanna Ellis,Nick Andrews,Alison Potts,Simon Cottrell,Jillian Johnston,Arlene Reynolds,Rory Gunson,Catherine Thompson,Monica Galiano,Chris Robertson,Rachel Byford,Naomh Gallagher,Mary Sinnathamby,Ivelina Yonova,Sameera Pathirannehelage,Matthew Donati,Catherine Moore,S de Lusignan,Jim McMenamin,Maria Zambon +21 more
TL;DR: Estimates demonstrate moderate to good levels of protection, particularly against influenza B in children, but relatively less against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, which provides reassurance for the UK to continue its influenza immunisation programme planned for 2016/17.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine for adults and children in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2015/16 end-of-season results
Richard Pebody,Fiona Warburton,Joanna Ellis,Nick Andrews,Alison Potts,Simon Cottrell,Jillian Johnston,Arlene Reynolds,Rory Gunson,Catherine Thompson,Monica Galiano,Chris Robertson,Rachel Byford,Naomh Gallagher,Mary Sinnathamby,Ivelina Yonova,Ivelina Yonova,Sameera Pathirannehelage,Matthew Donati,Catherine Moore,Simon de Lusignan,Simon de Lusignan,Jim McMenamin,Maria Zambon +23 more
TL;DR: The United Kingdom (UK) is in the third season of introducing universal paediatric influenza vaccination with a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) as mentioned in this paper, which was initially dominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and then influenza of B/Victoria lineage, not contained in that season's adult trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immune responses after live attenuated influenza vaccination.
TL;DR: The immune responses elicted by LAIV mimic natural infection and have been found to provide broader clinical protection in children compared to the IIVs, but despite 14 years on the global market, there exists no correlate of protection.
Book ChapterDOI
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine
Hong Jin,Kanta Subbarao +1 more
TL;DR: Live attenuated live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been available in the USA since 2003 and has been shown to be effective in protecting the public from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Efficacy of Live Attenuated, Cold-Adapted, Trivalent, Intranasal Influenzavirus Vaccine in Children
Robert B. Belshe,Paul M. Mendelman,John J. Treanor,James C. King,William C. Gruber,Pedro A. Piedra,David I. Bernstein,Frederick G. Hayden,Karen L. Kotloff,Kenneth M. Zangwill,Dominick Iacuzio,Mark Wolff +11 more
TL;DR: A live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent influenzavirus vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and effective against influenza A(H3N2) and B in healthy children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of vaccination with live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine against a variant (A/Sydney) not contained in the vaccine.
Robert B. Belshe,William C. Gruber,Paul M. Mendelman,Iksung Cho,Keith S. Reisinger,Stan L. Block,Janet Wittes,Dominick Iacuzio,Pedro A. Piedra,John J. Treanor,James C. King,Karen L. Kotloff,David I. Bernstein,Frederick G. Hayden,Kenneth M. Zangwill,Lihan Yan,Mark Wolff +16 more
TL;DR: This live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and efficacious against influenza A/H3N2 (including a variant, A/Sydney, not contained in the vaccine) and influenza B.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correlates of Immune Protection Induced by Live, Attenuated, Cold-Adapted, Trivalent, Intranasal Influenza Virus Vaccine
Robert B. Belshe,William C. Gruber,Paul M. Mendelman,Harshvardhan Mehta,Kutubuddin Mahmood,Keith S. Reisinger,John J. Treanor,Kenneth M. Zangwill,Frederick G. Hayden,David I. Bernstein,Karen L. Kotloff,James C. King,Pedro A. Piedra,Stan L. Block,Lihan Yan,Mark Wolff +15 more
TL;DR: Any serum HAI antibody or any nasal wash IgA antibody was correlated with significant protection from H1N1 infection as indicated by vaccine-virus shedding, and high efficacy against H 1N1 challenge was demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glycoconjugate vaccines and immune interference: A review
TL;DR: Multivalent conjugate vaccines using TT were found to be at risk for reduced polysaccharide responses, whilst multivalent CRM197 conjugates are at lower risk for this, but may be at higher risk of inducing bystander interference, particularly affecting Hib and hepatitis B immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Principles underlying the development and use of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza A and B virus vaccines.
TL;DR: Protective immunity to influenza A viruses is mediated primarily by serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies directed against the HA and NA, making it necessary that these two antigens are derived from the newly emerged antigenic variant virus.