Journal ArticleDOI
Protective Role of Glutathione against Peroxynitrite-Mediated DNA Damage during Acute Inflammation
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TLDR
A role of glutathione (GSH) and other thiols are demonstrated in neutralizing the effect of peroxynitrite-mediated DNA damage through stable GSH-DNA adduct formation and supports the use of thiol supplements as a potential therapeutic strategy against severe Covid-19 cases and a Phase II clinical trial launched in early May 2020.Abstract:
Inflammation is an immune response to protect against various types of infections. When unchecked, acute inflammation can be life-threatening, as seen with the current coronavirus pandemic. Strong oxidants, such as peroxynitrite produced by immune cells, are major mediators of the inflammation-associated pathogenesis. Cellular thiols play important roles in mitigating inflammation-associated macromolecular damage including DNA. Herein, we have demonstrated a role of glutathione (GSH) and other thiols in neutralizing the effect of peroxynitrite-mediated DNA damage through stable GSH-DNA adduct formation. Our observation supports the use of thiol supplements as a potential therapeutic strategy against severe COVID-19 cases and a Phase II (NCT04374461) open-label clinical trial launched in early May 2020 by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: What Does Oxidative Stress Have to Do with It?
Iara Grigoletto Fernandes,Cyro Alves de Brito,Vitor Manoel Silva dos Reis,Maria Notomi Sato,Nátalli Zanete Pereira +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report studies showing how reactive oxygen species may positively or negatively affect the pathophysiology of viral infection, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs), and provide important information on the challenges posed by the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Airborne particulate matter induces oxidative damage, DNA adduct formation and alterations in DNA repair pathways.
Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado,Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez,Yolanda I. Chirino,Claudia M. García-Cuellar +3 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the types of DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair pathways induced by PM exposure, from both epidemiological and toxicological studies, were analyzed to comprehend the contribution of PM exposure to carcinogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA damage by Withanone as a potential cause of liver toxicity observed for herbal products of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha).
TL;DR: In this paper, a representative withanolide having toxicophores or structural alerts that are commonly associated with adverse drug reactions was found to form non-labile adducts with the nucleosides dG, dA, and dC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Mechanisms Related to Responses to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini,Una Glamočlija,Fulden Ulucan-Karnak,Sara Redenšek Trampuž,Vita Dolzan +4 more
TL;DR: The available literature and clinical trials are reviewed to extract the relevant genetic variants within the oxidative stress pathway associated with CO VID-19 and the anti-oxidative therapies currently evaluated in the clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment, in particular clinical trials on glutathione and N-acetylcysteine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of Low Molecular Weight Plasma Aminothiols with the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019.
E. V. Kryukov,Alexander V. Ivanov,Vladimir Olegovich Karpov,Valery Vasil'evich Alexandrin,A. M. Dygai,Maria Petrovna Kruglova,Gennady Ivanovich Kostiuchenko,Sergei Petrovich Kazakov,Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, Aminothiols (glutathione (GSH), cysteinylglycine (CG)) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019, but the possible association of these indicators with the severity of COVID-19 has not yet been investigated.
References
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Density‐functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange
TL;DR: In this article, a semi-empirical exchange correlation functional with local spin density, gradient, and exact exchange terms was proposed. But this functional performed significantly better than previous functionals with gradient corrections only, and fits experimental atomization energies with an impressively small average absolute deviation of 2.4 kcal/mol.
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Inflammation and cancer
Lisa M. Coussens,Zena Werb +1 more
TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an indispensable participant in the neoplastic process, fostering proliferation, survival and migration.
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Origin and Physiological Roles of Inflammation
TL;DR: This work has shown that tissue stress or malfunction induces an adaptive response that is intermediate between the basal homeostatic state and a classic inflammatory response, which is referred to here as para-inflammation.
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Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology
TL;DR: The current understanding of how a dysregulated immune response may cause lung immunopathology leading to deleterious clinical manifestations after pathogenic hCoV infections is reviewed.
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Peroxynitrite, a cloaked oxidant formed by nitric oxide and superoxide.
TL;DR: In theory, activation could involve (1) heterolysis to OH- and NO2+ (delta rxn Gzero' = 13 kcal/mol at pH 7) or (2) homolysis