Protein degradation by human intestinal bacteria.
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The results demonstrate that the gut microflora could potentially play a major role in proteolysis in the human colon.Abstract:
Summary: Analysis of human gut contents showed that substantial quantities of soluble protein, ammonia and branched chain volatile fatty acids occurred throughout the large intestine [0·1-24·4 g (kg contents)−1, 7·7-66·0 mmol (kg contents)−1 and 1·5-11·1 mmol (kg contents)−1 respectively]. The presence of these metabolites suggested that substantial proteolysis was occurring. In vitro studies showed that casein and bovine serum albumin were partly degraded in slurries of human faeces over a 96 h incubation period, to produce TCA-soluble peptides, ammonia and volatile fatty acids. Proteolytic activity detected in the stools of five individuals ranged from 3·5 to 19·8 mg azocasein hydrolysed h−1 (g faecal material)−1. Washed cell and washed particulate faecal fractions accounted for 24-67% of total activity. The predominant proteolytic bacteria in the faecal samples examined were identified as Bacteroides spp. [1·0 × 1011-1·3 × 1012 (g dry wt faeces)−1] and Propionibacterium spp. [1·2 × 108-1·0 × 1010 (g dry wt faeces)−1]. Other proteolytic bacteria which occurred in lesser numbers were identified as belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. These results demonstrate that the gut microflora could potentially play a major role in proteolysis in the human colon.read more
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Gut flora in health and disease
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Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood.
TL;DR: Data indicate that substantial carbohydrate, and possibly protein, fermentation is occurring in the human large intestine, principally in the caecum and ascending colon and that the large bowel may have a greater role to play in digestion than has previously been ascribed to it.
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The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon.
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Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components
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TL;DR: The human colon contains a luxuriant mixed culture of bacteria, which is in the main strictly anaerobic, the end-products being primarily the short chain, or volatile, fatty acids, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid.