Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics
TLDR
By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.Abstract:
Because the human gut microbiota can play a major role in host health, there is currently some interest in the manipulation of the composition of the gut flora towards a potentially more remedial community. Attempts have been made to increase bacterial groups such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus that are perceived as exerting health-promoting properties. Probiotics, defined as microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, have been used to change the composition of colonic microbiota. However, such changes may be transient, and the implantation of exogenous bacteria therefore becomes limited. In contrast, prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacterial species already resident in the colon, and thus attempt to improve host health. Intake of prebiotics can significantly modulate the colonic microbiota by increasing the number of specific bacteria and thus changing the composition of the microbiota. Nondigestible oligosaccharides in general, and fructooligosaccharides in particular, are prebiotics. They have been shown to stimulate the growth of endogenous bifidobacteria, which, after a short feeding period, become predominant in human feces. Moreover, these prebiotics modulate lipid metabolism, most likely via fermentation products. By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gut flora in health and disease
TL;DR: Gut flora might be an essential factor in certain pathological disorders, including multisystem organ failure, colon cancer, and inflammatory bowel diseases, and Probiotics and prebiotics are known to have a role in prevention or treatment of some diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics
Glenn R. Gibson,Robert W. Hutkins,Mary Ellen Sanders,Susan L. Prescott,Raylene A. Reimer,Seppo Salminen,Karen P. Scott,Catherine Stanton,Kelly S. Swanson,Patrice D. Cani,Kristin Verbeke,Gregor Reid +11 more
TL;DR: The goal of this Consensus Statement is to engender appropriate use of the term 'prebiotic' by relevant stakeholders so that consistency and clarity can be achieved in research reports, product marketing and regulatory oversight of the category.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Colonic Function: Roles of Resistant Starch and Nonstarch Polysaccharides
TL;DR: Resistant starch is a prebiotic, but knowledge of its other interactions with the microflora is limited and the contribution of RS to fermentation and colonic physiology seems to be greater than that of NSP.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids.
TL;DR: More human studies are now needed on SCFAs, especially, given the diverse nature of carbohydrate substrates and the SCFA patterns resulting from their fermentation, which will be key to the success of dietary recommendations to maximize colonic disease prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics
TL;DR: The future use of prebiotics may allow species-level changes in the microbiota, an extrapolation into genera other than the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and allow preferential use in disease-prone areas of the body.
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