Psychiatric and psychosocial problems in adults with normal-intelligence autism spectrum disorders.
Björn Hofvander,Richard Delorme,Pauline Chaste,Agneta Nydén,Elisabet Wentz,Elisabet Wentz,Ola Ståhlberg,Evelyn Herbrecht,Astrid Stopin,Henrik Anckarsäter,Henrik Anckarsäter,Henrik Anckarsäter,Christopher Gillberg,Maria Råstam,Marion Leboyer +14 more
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TLDR
The clinical psychiatric presentation and important outcome measures of a large group of normal-intelligence adult patients with ASDs, characterized by impaired social interaction and non-verbal communication in adulthood as well as in childhood, are described.Abstract:
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often display symptoms from other diagnostic categories. Studies of clinical and psychosocial outcome in adult patients with ASDs without concomitant intellectual disability are few. The objective of this paper is to describe the clinical psychiatric presentation and important outcome measures of a large group of normal-intelligence adult patients with ASDs. Autistic symptomatology according to the DSM-IV-criteria and the Gillberg & Gillberg research criteria, patterns of comorbid psychopathology and psychosocial outcome were assessed in 122 consecutively referred adults with normal intelligence ASDs. The subjects consisted of 5 patients with autistic disorder (AD), 67 with Asperger's disorder (AS) and 50 with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD NOS). This study group consists of subjects pooled from two studies with highly similar protocols, all seen on an outpatient basis by one of three clinicians. Core autistic symptoms were highly prevalent in all ASD subgroups. Though AD subjects had the most pervasive problems, restrictions in non-verbal communication were common across all three subgroups and, contrary to current DSM criteria, so were verbal communication deficits. Lifetime psychiatric axis I comorbidity was very common, most notably mood and anxiety disorders, but also ADHD and psychotic disorders. The frequency of these diagnoses did not differ between the ASD subgroups or between males and females. Antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse were more common in the PDD NOS group. Of all subjects, few led an independent life and very few had ever had a long-term relationship. Female subjects more often reported having been bullied at school than male subjects. ASDs are clinical syndromes characterized by impaired social interaction and non-verbal communication in adulthood as well as in childhood. They also carry a high risk for co-existing mental health problems from a broad spectrum of disorders and for unfavourable psychosocial life circumstances. For the next revision of DSM, our findings especially stress the importance of careful examination of the exclusion criterion for adult patients with ASDs.read more
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The health status of adults on the autism spectrum
Lisa A. Croen,Ousseny Zerbo,Yinge Qian,Maria L. Massolo,Steve Rich,Stephen Sidney,Clarissa Kripke +6 more
TL;DR: Nearly all medical conditions were significantly more common in adults with autism, including immune conditions, gastrointestinal and sleep disorders, seizure, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex/Gender Differences and Autism: Setting the Scene for Future Research
TL;DR: In this article, a 4-level conceptual framework was proposed to clarify the embedded themes of the relationship between sex/gender differences and autism and to better understand the implications from existing research and to help design future studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autism spectrum disorder
Catherine Lord,Traolach S. Brugha,Tony Charman,James C. Cusack,Guillaume Dumas,Thomas W. Frazier,Emily J.H. Jones,Rebecca M. Jones,Andrew Pickles,Matthew W. State,Julie Lounds Taylor,Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele +11 more
TL;DR: This Primer by Lord and colleagues reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms, clinical detection and treatment of autism and identifies the long-term needs of people with autism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder.
Tatja Hirvikoski,Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz,Marcus Boman,Henrik Larsson,Paul Lichtenstein,Sven Bölte +5 more
TL;DR: Premature mortality was markedly increased in ASD owing to a multitude of medical conditions and Mortality and patterns for cause-specific mortality were partly moderated by gender and general intellectual ability.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Behavioral Comparison of Male and Female Adults with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Conditions
Meng-Chuan Lai,Michael V. Lombardo,Greg Pasco,Amber N. V. Ruigrok,Sally Wheelwright,Susan A. Sadek,Bhismadev Chakrabarti,Bhismadev Chakrabarti,Simon Baron-Cohen +8 more
TL;DR: The absence of typical sex differences in empathizing-systemizing profiles within the autism spectrum confirms a prediction from the extreme male brain theory and discusses the importance of the superficially better socio-communication ability in adult females with ASC in terms of why females withASC may more often go under-recognized, and receive their diagnosis later, than males.
References
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Book
Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders : SCID-II
TL;DR: The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders (SCID-II) as mentioned in this paper is an efficient, user-friendly instrument that will help researchers and clinicians make standardized, reliable, and accurate diagnoses of the 10 DSM-III personality disorders as well as depressive personality disorder, passive-aggressive personality disorder and personality disorder not otherwise specified.
Book ChapterDOI
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III
Joseph J. Ryan,Shane J. Lopez +1 more
TL;DR: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (wais-iii) as mentioned in this paper is the most recent version of the W-B I (W-B II) and was published in 2003.
Book
Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders : SCID-I: clinical version : administration booklet
TL;DR: The reusable Administration Booklet contains interview questions and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria as discussed by the authors, which is designed to be used with the Scoresheet during a 45- to 90-minute session and is tabbed to help the clinician move from one section to another.