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Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes

Pascal Paillier
- Vol. 1592, pp 223-238
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TLDR
A new trapdoor mechanism is proposed and three encryption schemes are derived : a trapdoor permutation and two homomorphic probabilistic encryption schemes computationally comparable to RSA, which are provably secure under appropriate assumptions in the standard model.
Abstract
This paper investigates a novel computational problem, namely the Composite Residuosity Class Problem, and its applications to public-key cryptography. We propose a new trapdoor mechanism and derive from this technique three encryption schemes : a trapdoor permutation and two homomorphic probabilistic encryption schemes computationally comparable to RSA. Our cryptosystems, based on usual modular arithmetics, are provably secure under appropriate assumptions in the standard model.

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References
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TL;DR: An encryption method is presented with the novel property that publicly revealing an encryption key does not thereby reveal the corresponding decryption key.
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TL;DR: A new signature scheme is proposed, together with an implementation of the Diffie-Hellman key distribution scheme that achieves a public key cryptosystem that relies on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms over finite fields.
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Random oracles are practical: a paradigm for designing efficient protocols

TL;DR: It is argued that the random oracles model—where all parties have access to a public random oracle—provides a bridge between cryptographic theory and cryptographic practice, and yields protocols much more efficient than standard ones while retaining many of the advantages of provable security.