Purification and characterization of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C.
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Group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) type C was partially purified by differential solubility in ethanol and acetate-buffered saline and enhanced the susceptibility of rabbits to lethal endotoxin shock and appeared homogeneous when tested by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion.Abstract:
Group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) type C was partially purified by differential solubility in ethanol and acetate-buffered saline. Toxin prepared in this way consisted of protein and hyaluronic acid. After removal of hyaluronic acid, the toxin remained pyrogenic, enhanced susceptibility of rabbits to letahl endotoxin shock, was stable when treated with acid, base, or pepsin, but was inactivated by heat. Toxin further purified by thin-layer isoelectric focusing was pyrogenic and enhanced the susceptibility of rabbits to lethal endotoxin shock. Purified type C toxin appeared homogeneous when tested by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and migrated as a single protein band in isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gels (isoelectric point, 6.7) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (molecular weight, 13,200). The purified toxin was antigenically distinct from A and B SPE, and antisera raised against the purified toxin neutralized pyrogenic activity. The amino acid composition was determined.read more
Citations
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Identification and Characterization of an Exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Toxic-Shock Syndrome
Patrick M. Schlievert,Patrick M. Schlievert,Kathryn N. Shands,Kathryn N. Shands,Bruce B. Dan,Bruce B. Dan,George P. Schmid,George P. Schmid,Russell D. Nishimura,Russell D. Nishimura +9 more
TL;DR: The exotoxin produced fever in rabbits and enhanced susceptibility to lethal shock caused by endotoxin and the capacity to suppress synthesis of IgM antibody to sheep erythrocytes.
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Bacterial toxins: a table of lethal amounts.
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Clinical and Bacteriologic Observations of a Toxic Shock–like Syndrome Due to Streptococcus pyogenes
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Staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins involved in toxic shock syndrome and related illnesses.
TL;DR: Toxic-shock syndrome is an acute onset, multiorgan illness which resembles severe scarlet fever, caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains that express TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1), enterotoxins B, or enterotoxin C.
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Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigen Exotoxins
Adam R. Spaulding,Wilmara Salgado-Pabón,Petra L. Kohler,Alexander R. Horswill,Donald Y.M. Leung,Patrick M. Schlievert,Patrick M. Schlievert +6 more
TL;DR: The review discusses the major known and possible human disease associations with superantigens, including associations with toxic shock syndromes, atopic dermatitis, pneumonia, infective endocarditis, and autoimmune sequelae to streptococcal illnesses.
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