Open AccessJournal Article
Reduced perceptual exclusivity during object and grating rivalry in autism.
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TLDR
The authors found that participants with ASC experienced a slower rate of binocular rivalry, driven by longer transitional states between dominant percepts, and these exaggerated transitional states were present at both low and high levels of stimulus complexity (gratings and objects).Abstract:
The dynamics of binocular rivalry may be a behavioral footprint of excitatory and inhibitory neural transmission in visual cortex. Given the presence of atypical visual features in Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC), and the growing evidence in support of the idea of an imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory neural transmission in animal and genetic models of ASC, we hypothesized that binocular rivalry might prove a simple behavioral marker of such a transmission imbalance in the autistic brain. In support of this hypothesis, we previously reported a slower rate of rivalry in ASC, driven by longer transitional states between dominant percepts. We tested whether atypical dynamics of binocular rivalry in ASC are specific to certain stimulus features. 53 participants (26 with ASC, matched for age, sex, and IQ) participated in a binocular rivalry experiment in which the dynamics of rivalry were measured at two levels of stimulus complexity, low (grayscale gratings) and high (colored objects). Individuals with ASC experienced a slower rate of binocular rivalry, driven by longer transitional states between dominant percepts. These exaggerated transitional states were present at both low and high levels of stimulus complexity (gratings and objects), suggesting that atypical binocular dynamics in autism are robust with respect to stimulus choice. Interactions between stimulus properties and rivalry dynamics in autism indicate that achromatic grating stimuli produce stronger group differences. These results confirm the finding of atypical dynamics of binocular rivalry in ASC. These dynamics were present for stimuli of both low and high levels of visual complexity, suggesting a pervasive imbalance in competitive interactions throughout the visual system of individuals with ASC.read more
Citations
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Slow binocular rivalry in bipolar disorder
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TL;DR: It is shown by comparison with previous work, that high strength stimuli more effectively distinguish bipolar from control subjects than low strength stimuli.
Effect of Intranasal Oxytocin on Visual Processing and Salience of Human Faces
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References
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TL;DR: The Psychophysics Toolbox is a software package that supports visual psychophysics and its routines provide an interface between a high-level interpreted language and the video display hardware.
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TL;DR: The Autism-Spectrum Quotient is a valuable instrument for rapidly quantifying where any given individual is situated on the continuum from autism to normality, and its potential for screening for autism spectrum conditions in adults of normal intelligence remains to be fully explored.
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TL;DR: This work proposes that GABA becomes inhibitory by the delayed expression of a chloride exporter, leading to a negative shift in the reversal potential for choride ions, and provides a solution to the problem of how to excite developing neurons to promote growth and synapse formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems
TL;DR: In this paper, a model that postulates that some forms of autism are caused by an increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in sensory, mnemonic, social and emotional systems is proposed.
Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social
Lief E. Fenno,Matthias Prigge,Franziska Schneider,Thomas J. Davidson,Vikaas S. Sohal,Inbal Goshen,Joel Finkelstein,Jeanne T. Paz,Katja Stehfest,Roman Fudim,Charu Ramakrishnan,John R. Huguenard,Peter Hegemann,Karl Deisseroth +13 more
TL;DR: Elevation, but not reduction, of cellular E/I balance within the mouse medial prefrontal cortex was found to elicit a profound impairment in cellular information processing, associated with specific behavioural impairments and increased high-frequency power in the 30–80 Hz range, which have both been observed in clinical conditions in humans.