Journal ArticleDOI
Reliable State Estimation of Multicell Lithium-Ion Battery Systems
TLDR
In this paper, a simple algorithm to determine the battery system's impedance and state of charge (SOC) is presented, including parameter and state-estimation techniques, making the impedance and SOC determination possible for a large number of particular cells in a battery system.Abstract:
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are nowadays the best tradeoff between performance, cost, and lifetime to store electric power and energy effectively. The reliable determination of the batteries' instantaneous power capability and energy content is mandatory for many mobile high-energy and power-consuming applications. Herein, the battery impedance and state of charge (SOC) are the relevant values. In energy storage systems, these values are to be considered for each battery cell individually, due to arising limitations caused by cell-specific variations. Simple algorithms to determine the battery system's impedance and SOC are presented including parameter and state-estimation techniques. Furthermore, methods are derived making the impedance and SOC determination possible for a large number of particular cells in a battery system. The applicability of the demonstrated algorithms for battery control unit implementation is proved incorporating data achieved from load scenarios applied to a cell stack Li-ion battery module. Cell impedance and SOC variations could be detected precisely. Moreover, a combination of impedance and SOC spread was identified during typical battery operation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Degradation diagnostics for lithium ion cells
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present experimental evidence supporting the widely reported degradation modes by means of tests conducted on coin cells, engineered to include different, known amounts of lithium inventory and active electrode material.
Journal ArticleDOI
Critical review of the methods for monitoring of lithium-ion batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles
TL;DR: In this paper, the methods for monitoring the battery state of charge, capacity, impedance parameters, available power, state of health, and remaining useful life are reviewed with the focus on elaboration of their strengths and weaknesses for the use in on-line BMS applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review of lumped-parameter equivalent circuit models for real-time estimation of lithium-ion battery states
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of the most commonly used lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model structures in lithium-ion battery energy storage applications is presented, including the Combined model, Rint model, two hysteresis models, Randles' model, a modified Randles model and two resistor-capacitor (RC) network models with and without hystresis included.
Journal ArticleDOI
Online cell SOC estimation of Li-ion battery packs using a dual time-scale Kalman filtering for EV applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to determine individual cell State of Charge (SOC) of a series-connected battery pack using an equivalent circuit based "averaged cell" model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigating the error sources of the online state of charge estimation methods for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles
TL;DR: A novel perspective focusing on the error analysis of the SOC estimation methods is proposed and the error flow charts are proposed to analyze the error sources from the signal measurement to the models and algorithms for the widely used online SOC estimation Methods in new energy vehicles.
References
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Ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries
Jens Vetter,Petr Novák,Markus Robert Wagner,Claudia Veit,Kai-Christian Möller,Jürgen Besenhard,Martin Winter,Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens,C Vogler,Abderrezak Hammouche +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanisms of lithium-ion battery ageing are reviewed and evaluated, and the most promising candidate as the power source for (hybrid) electric vehicles and stationary energy storage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accurate electrical battery model capable of predicting runtime and I-V performance
Min Chen,Gabriel A. Rincon-Mora +1 more
TL;DR: An accurate, intuitive, and comprehensive electrical battery model is proposed and implemented in a Cadence environment that accounts for all dynamic characteristics of the battery, from nonlinear open-circuit voltage, current-, temperature-, cycle number-, and storage time-dependent capacity to transient response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observing the State of a Linear System
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the state vector of a linear system can be reconstructed from observations of the system inputs and outputs, and that the observer which reconstructs this state vector is itself a linear systems whose complexity decreases as the number of output quantities available increases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Power and thermal characterization of a lithium-ion battery pack for hybrid-electric vehicles
Kandler Smith,Chao Yang Wang +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a 1D electrochemical, lumped thermal model is used to explore pulse power limitations and thermal behavior of a 6Ah, 72 cell, 276 V nominal Li-ion hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) battery pack.
Journal ArticleDOI
State-of-health monitoring of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles by on-board internal resistance estimation
TL;DR: In this paper, a special purpose model deduced from an equivalent circuit is developed, which contains parameters depending on the degradation of the battery cell, and a degradation index is calculated by compensating other influences, e.g. battery temperature.