Q2. What are the contributions in "Ridesharing in north america: past, present, and future" ?
Ridersharing is the grouping of travelers into common trips by car or van this paper, where the driver has a common origin and destination with the passengers.
Q3. What were the strategies to facilitate ridesharing?
strategies to facilitate ridesharing included: employer-sponsored commuter ridematching programs, vanpooling, HOV lanes, casual carpooling, and park-and-ride facilities.
Q4. What is the reason why casual carpooling has grown?
Casual carpooling has grown due to the HOV lane on I-80 and the HOV/busonly bypass at the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge toll plaza (Beroldo, 1999).
Q5. How many passengers did the drivers have to drive to a bus stop?
At that time, minimum vehicle occupancy was four, so drivers without enough passengers would drive to a bus stop and offer rides to bus riders as a way to meet HOV requirements.
Q6. What are the key phases of ridesharing?
The authors categorize North American ridesharing into five key phases: 1) World War II car-sharing clubs; 2) major responses to 1970s energy crises; 3) early organized ridesharing schemes; 4) reliable ridesharing systems; and 5) technology-enabled ridematching.
Q7. When did private software companies begin developing ridematching platforms?
Since 1999, private software companies began developing ridematching “platforms,” providing their suite of services to clients for a monthly fee.
Q8. How many carpool demonstration programs were funded by the federal highway act?
Act provided federal highway funds for 106 carpool demonstration programs in 96 U.S. metropolitan areas through 1977 (Wagner, 1978).
Q9. What was the purpose of the Ridesharing Demonstration Program?
The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) then established the National RideSharing Demonstration Program in March 1979, with the objective of increasing ridesharing use by 5% (Weiner, 1999).
Q10. How many ridesharing services are there in North America?
As of July 2011, the authors estimated that there were 638 ridematchingservices in North America, based on an extensive Internet search.
Q11. What was the purpose of the ridematching system?
With most dynamic ridematching applications of the 1980s and 90s failing to overcome the “critical mass” barrier (i.e., providing enough users to consistently create a successful instant ridesharing match), most North American ridesharing systems between 1999 and 2004 focused on systems to encourage ridesharing among commuters who had the most reliable trip schedules.
Q12. What are the key areas that will likely influence ridesharing’s future?
In this section, the authors discuss three key areas that will likely influence future developments: technology interoperability and integration, enhanced casual carpooling, and public policy.
Q13. What is the main idea behind the flexible carpooling project?
In July 2010, the Washington State Department of Transportation announced its Flexible Carpool Pilot Project, which plans to incorporate Avego™’s smartphone ridematching technology with flexible carpooling along high-volume commuter routes in the Seattle metro area (Avego, 2010).
Q14. What is the challenge to future integration and interoperability?
A significant challenge to future integration and interoperability, however, is theestablishment of institutional arrangements that could facilitate collaboration among public agencies and private companies to support this.
Q15. What was the result of the rideshare Express program?
This program added Internet and e-mail capabilities, resulting in 500 ride requests and 150 potential ridematches (Casey et al., 1996).
Q16. What is the role of ridesharing research in the world?
Moving forward, more ridesharing research is neededto better understand the role of behavioral economics, interoperability, multimodal integration, and public policy, as well ridesharing’s impacts on infrastructure, congestion, and energy/emissions.
Q17. How many passenger miles are there for a ridesharing trip?
there are seven times as many U.S. passenger-miles for commute trips by carpool and vanpool as there are for public transit (C. Burbank, personal communication, November 15, 2009).
Q18. What are the main reasons for the lack of a ridematching platform?
These firms sell their ridematching software “platforms” to public agencies and employers, which aresometimes used as standalone websites for each group.
Q19. What are the main issues with the lack of critical mass?
While the abundance of online ridesharing systems is promising, it has resulted in disparate, non-standardized databases that leave many programs with a lack of critical mass.