Journal ArticleDOI
Risk factors for thyroid cancer: an epidemiological review focused on nutritional factors
TLDR
At present, the only recognized measures for reducing TC risk is to avoid ionizing radiation and iodine deficiency, particularly in childhood and young women, and to increase vegetable consumption.Abstract:
The present review summarizes epidemiological evidence on risk factors for thyroid cancer (TC), in particular, nutritional factors. Searches of articles on the issue were conducted using MEDLINE. Exposure to ionizing radiation, particularly during childhood, is the best-established risk factor for TC. There is also a strong association with history of benign nodules/adenoma or goiter. Iodine deficiency may induce an increasing incidence of benign thyroid conditions, but very high iodine intake also affects thyroid function and, possibly, TC risk. Among dietary factors, fish—the major natural source of iodine in human diet—is not consistently related to TC risk. High intake of cruciferous vegetables shows a weak inverse association with TC. Among other food groups, vegetables other than cruciferous are the only food group showing a favorable effect on TC, with an approximate 20% reduction in risk for subjects with the highest consumption. No effect on TC risk of alcohol, coffee, or other food-groups/nutrients emerged. Height and weight at diagnosis show a moderate positive association with TC risk. At present, the only recognized measures for reducing TC risk is to avoid ionizing radiation and iodine deficiency, particularly in childhood and young women, and to increase vegetable consumption.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States, 1974-2013.
TL;DR: Among patients in the United States diagnosed with thyroid cancer from 1974-2013, the overall incidence of thyroid cancer increased 3% annually, with increases in the incidence rate and thyroid cancer mortality rate for advanced-stage papillary thyroid cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: Update on epidemiology and risk factors
Gabriella Pellegriti,Francesco Frasca,Concetto Regalbuto,Sebastiano Squatrito,Riccardo Vigneri +4 more
TL;DR: The increased incidence of thyroid cancer is most likely due to a combination of an apparent increase due to more sensitive diagnostic procedures and of a true increase, a possible consequence of increased population exposure to radiation and to other still unrecognized carcinogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thyroid cancer mortality and incidence: A global overview
Carlo La Vecchia,Matteo Malvezzi,Cristina Bosetti,Werner Garavello,Paola Bertuccio,Fabio Levi,Eva Negri +6 more
TL;DR: The declines in thyroid cancer mortality reflect both variations in risk factor exposure and changes in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, while the increases in the incidence are likely due to the increase in the detection of this neoplasm over the last few decades.
Journal ArticleDOI
The changing incidence of thyroid cancer
Cari M. Kitahara,Julie Ann Sosa +1 more
TL;DR: The changing incidence of thyroid cancer is described, potential explanations for these trends are suggested, the implications for patients are emphasized and ongoing and potential strategies to combat this growing clinical and public health issue are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer mortality in Europe, 2000–2004, and an overview of trends since 1975
C. La Vecchia,C. La Vecchia,Cristina Bosetti,F. Lucchini,Paola Bertuccio,Eva Negri,P. Boyle,Fabio Levi +7 more
TL;DR: Favourable trends were observed for testicular cancer, Hodgkin lymphomas, leukaemias, and other neoplasms amenable to treatment, though the reductions were still appreciably smaller in eastern Europe.
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Michael Marmot,T. Atinmo,Tim Byers,J Chen,T Hirohata,Alan Jackson,W. P. T. James,L Kolonel,Shiriki K. Kumanyika,C Leitzmann,Jim Mann,H Powers,K.S. Reddy,Elio Riboli,JA Rivera,Arthur Schatzkin,Jacob C. Seidell,D Shuker,Ricardo Uauy,Walter C. Willett,Steven H. Zeisel +20 more
TL;DR: The extent to which food, nutrition, physical activity, and body composition modify the risk of cancer, and to specify which factors are most important, is explored.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the extent to which food, nutrition, physical activity, and body composition modify the risk of cancer, and specify which factors are most important for cancer prevention.
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