Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the calcaneal inclination in the energy storage capacity of the human foot—a biomechanical model
Ariel Simkin,Isaac Leichter +1 more
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TLDR
This model provides an explanation for the higher prevalence of tibial and femoral stress fractures in subjects with high or low arches, and demonstrated that the stored energy depends strongly on the calcaneal inclination.Abstract:
The energy storage capacity of the human foot as a passive structure depends on both its geometry and elastic properties. The present study examines theoretically the relationship between the energy stored in the longitudinal arch and the inclination of the calcaneus, when a vertical load is applied. A simple two-dimensional model was used, consisting of two inclined rigid elements, hinged at the apex of the arch and connected by a horizontal tension spring at the bottom of the arch. The spring serves as the energy-storing element of the model, representing the foot plantar ligaments. The behaviour of the model was examined using both a linear and an exponential spring. It demonstrated that the stored energy depends strongly on the calcaneal inclination. For a given vertical load, the energy storage capacity is low at both large and small inclinations and rises markedly at an intermediate value. Assuming that the incidence of stress fractures during locomotion is affected by insufficient energy attenuation of the foot, this model provides an explanation for the higher prevalence of tibial and femoral stress fractures in subjects with high or low arches.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Foot Structure and Range of Motion on Musculoskeletal Overuse Injuries
Kenton R. Kaufman,Stephanie K. Brodine,Richard A. Shaffer,Chrisanna Weech Johnson,Thomas R. Cullison +4 more
TL;DR: Risk factors that predispose people to lower extremity overuse injuries include dynamic pes planus, pes cavus, restricted ankle dorsiflexion, and increased hindfoot inversion, all of which are subject to intervention and possible correction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of the medial longitudinal arch
TL;DR: The clinically determined ratio of navicular height-to-foot length correlated most closely with the radiographic indices of MLA structure, and the strengths of associations between anthropometric and radiographic data were assessed with Pearson correlation coefficients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic Loading of the Plantar Aponeurosis in Walking
TL;DR: The varying pattern of plantar aponeurosis force and its relationship to Achilles tendon force demonstrates the importance of analyzing the function of the plantar Ap oneurosis throughout the stance phase of the gait cycle rather than in a static standing position.
Journal ArticleDOI
Roll-over shapes of human locomotor systems: effects of walking speed
TL;DR: Roll-over shapes provide insight into the workings of various lower limb systems by taking a new look at existing gait data, helping to develop a better understanding of able-bodied and disabled human walking, and leading to the design of improved rehabilitation devices, surgeries, and therapies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Foot Structure on the Three-Dimensional Kinematic Coupling Behavior of the Leg and Rear Foot
TL;DR: The rotational patterns and coupling response unique to each foot group may enhance the understanding of lower-extremity injuries related to certain foot structures and guide decisions regarding selection of footwear and orthoses.
References
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Book
Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues
Yuan-Cheng Fung,Richard Skalak +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the mechanics of Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Other Cells, and their role in Bone and Cartilage, and the properties of Bioviscoelastic Fluids, which are a by-product of these cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues
Yuan-Cheng Fung,Richard Skalak +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a sketch of the history and scope of the field of bio-physiology and discuss the meaning of the Constitutive Equation and the flow properties of blood.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress fractures in athletes. A study of 320 cases
Gordon O. Matheson,D. B. Clement,Donald C. McKenzie,Jack E. Taunton,D. R. Lloyd-Smith,James G. Macintyre +5 more
TL;DR: Using bone scan- positive stress fractures for diagnosis indicates that tarsal stress fractures are much more common than previously realized and time to diagnosis and recovery is site-dependent.
Journal ArticleDOI
The spring in the arch of the human foot
TL;DR: It is shown that the elastic properties of the arch of the human foot are also important, which means that the animal runs in an analogous fashion to a rubber ball bouncing along.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress fractures in military recruits. A prospective study showing an unusually high incidence
Charles Milgrom,M Giladi,Michael Stein,H Kashtan,J Margulies,R Chisin,R Steinberg,Aharonson Z +7 more
TL;DR: In a prospective study of 295 male Israeli military recruits a 31% incidence of stress fractures was found, andixty-nine per cent of the femoral stress fractures were asymptomatic, but only 8% of those in the tibia.