Journal ArticleDOI
Self‐esteem discrepancies and defensive reactions to social feedback
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In this paper, the authors found that discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem (SE) is related to defensiveness, and that persons with discrepant SE exhibit more defensive behaviour than individuals with congruent SE.Abstract:
Recent research has provided increasing evidence that discrepancies between implicit and explicit self‐esteem (SE) are related to defensiveness. However, only one pattern, called fragile SE (a combination of high explicit and low implicit SE), has been the focus of research so far. Relatively little attention has been paid to the second possible SE discrepancy (low explicit/high implicit). We propose that both types of discrepancies are maladaptive, because they indicate a lack of integration in self‐representation. We conducted two studies on the correlates of discrepant SE in the sphere of defensiveness. We hypothesized that persons with discrepant SE exhibit more defensive behaviour than individuals with congruent SE. In two student samples, explicit SE was measured by means of the Multidimensional Self‐Esteem Scale. Implicit SE was measured with the Name Letter Technique (Study 1) and an Implicit Association Test (Study 2). In Study 1 (N = 102) we examined effects of implicit and explicit SE on defens...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
High implicit self‐esteem is not necessarily advantageous: discrepancies between explicit and implicit self‐esteem and their relationship with anger expression and psychological health
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated how discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem are related to mental and physical health, and they found that discrepant selfesteem was related to more anger suppression, a more depressive attributional style, more nervousness, and more days of impaired health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implicit but not explicit self-esteem predicts future depressive symptomatology.
TL;DR: Although implicit self-esteem assessed with the Name Letter Preference Test was not different between formerly depressed individuals and never depressed controls, the findings suggest it is an interesting variable in the study of vulnerability for depression relapse.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness
Daan H. M. Creemers,Ron H. J. Scholte,Rutger C. M. E. Engels,Mitchell J. Prinstein,Reinout W. Wiers +4 more
TL;DR: Results showed that the direction of the discrepancy is an important: damaged self-esteem was consistently associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness, while defensive or fragileSelf-esteem (high explicit and low implicit self- esteem) was not.
Journal ArticleDOI
Narcissistic Fragility: Rethinking Its Links to Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors draw out the implications of three prominent models of the interrelationships between narcissism, ESE, and implicit self-esteem, before reassessing those relationships in a large multi-session study.
References
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Book
Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions
Leona S. Aiken,Stephen G. West +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of predictor scaling on the coefficients of regression equations are investigated. But, they focus mainly on the effect of predictors scaling on coefficients of regressions.
Posted Content
Subjective Well-Being
TL;DR: The literature on subjective well-being (SWB), including happiness, life satisfaction, and positive affect, is reviewed in three areas: measurement, causal factors, and theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.
TL;DR: An implicit association test (IAT) measures differential association of 2 target concepts with an attribute when instructions oblige highly associated categories to share a response key, and performance is faster than when less associated categories share a key.
Book ChapterDOI
Subjective Well-being
TL;DR: The literature on subjective well-being (SWB), including happiness, life satisfaction, and positive affect, is reviewed in this article in three areas: measurement, causal factors, and theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes, Self-Esteem, and Stereotypes.
TL;DR: The present conclusion--that attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes have important implicit modes of operation--extends both the construct validity and predictive usefulness of these major theoretical constructs of social psychology.