Journal ArticleDOI
Sialosylgalactosyl ceramide as a specific marker for human myelin and oligodendroglial perikarya: Gangliosides of human myelin, oligodendroglia and neurons
Robert K. Yu,Khalid Iqbal +1 more
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TLDR
Results indicate that GM4 is specifically localized in myelin and oligodendroglia of the CNS and evidence is presented that myelin, but not oligodendedroglia, is the major reservoir of human white matter GM1 and GM4.Abstract:
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Gangliosides were isolated from human brain myelin, oligodendroglia, and neurons. Quantitative analysis revealed the following ganglioside contents: myelin, 2.0; neurons, 1.3; and oligodendroglia, 0.35 μg ganglioside sialic acid per mg protein. Myclin had a relatively simple ganglioside pattern with GM4 and GM1 as the predominant ganglioside species. The ganglioside pattern of oligodendroglia was quite complex and it resembled that of whole white matter rather than that of myelin. A high concentration of GM4 was found in oligodendroglial fractions in addition to GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b. The usually- minor brain gangliosides GM3, GM2, and GM3 were also enriched in oligodendroglia. The neuronal ganglioside pattern was generally similar to the pattern of whole gray matter. Both neurons and whole gray matter contained very low amounts of GM4. These results indicate that GM4 is specifically localized in myelin and oligodendroglia of the CNS. Evidence is also presented that myelin, but not oligodendroglia, is the major reservoir of human white matter GM1 and GM4.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Lipids of nervous tissue: composition and metabolism.
TL;DR: The period of discovery of new lipids in the nervous system appears to be over and all the major lipid components have been discovered and a great deal is now known about their structure and metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mice with disrupted GM2/GD2 synthase gene lack complex gangliosides but exhibit only subtle defects in their nervous system
Kogo Takamiya,Akihito Yamamoto,Koichi Furukawa,S Yamashiro,M. Shin,Masahiko Okada,Satoshi Fukumoto,Masashi Haraguchi,N. Takeda,K. Fujimura,M. Sakae,Masao Kishikawa,Hiroshi Shiku,Shinichi Aizawa +13 more
TL;DR: The generation of mice with a disrupted beta 1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GM2/GD2 synthase) gene suggest that complex gangliosides are required in neuronal functions but not in the morphogenesis and organogenesis of the brain.
BookDOI
Biology of the sialic acids
TL;DR: Sialic Acid as Receptor Determinant of Ortho and Paramyxoviruses and the role of Gangliosides in Transmembrane Signaling and Cell Recognition is investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gangliosides in the nervous system.
TL;DR: Gangliosides may regulate cell growth and nerve sprouting, suggesting the potential therapeutic value for some neurological disorders and current ganglioside research is more rapidly growing largely due to advancing methodologies.
Journal ArticleDOI
GD3 ganglioside is a glycolipid characteristic of immature neuroectodermal cells.
TL;DR: The results indicate that GD3 ganglioside is a membrane component characteristically expressed in the rat CNS by neuroectodermal stem cells, both neuronal and glial precursors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative estimation of sialic acids. II. A colorimetric resorcinol-hydrochloric acid method.
TL;DR: A new method for the quantitive determination of sialic acids is described, which is about 50% more sensitive than the orcinol-hydrochloric acid method generally used and considerably lower with the resorcin reagent.
Journal ArticleDOI
CHROMATOGRAPHlC SEPARATION OF HUMAN BRAIN GANGLIOSIDES
TL;DR: Chromatographic methods for the quantitative isolation and separation of human brain gangliosides are described and it is shown that predominantly the gangLiosides have a common basic structure : N-acyl-sphingosine-glucose-Galactose-galactoseN-acetylgalactosamine-gal actose to which one or more molecules of N-acetelneuraininic acid are bound.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myelination in rat brain: method of myelin isolation.
TL;DR: The myelin prepared from 20‐day animals had the highest content of the first three constituents and the values of the four constituents were relatively constant per unit weight of myelin; the amounts of nucleic acid and ganglioside recovered in the myelin fractions increased with increasing age and myelin yield.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gangliosides of human myelin: sialosylgalactosylceramide (g7) as a major component
TL;DR: Observations suggest a metabolic relationship between G7 and either cerebroside or sulphatide, the third most abundant ganglioside on a molar basis, in adult human white matter.
Book ChapterDOI
Isolation and Characterization of Myelin
TL;DR: This chapter will discuss isolation procedures and the composition of purified myelin obtained by these procedures, and the techniques developed for isolating myelin membranes essentially free of other subcellular structures.