Journal ArticleDOI
Some effects of pre-release host-plant on the biological control of Panonychus ulmi by the predatory mite Amblyseius fallacis.
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
There may be short-term effects of host plant on the establishment of A. fallacis and biological control of P. ulmi, which in this study were observed as an initial reduction of the predatory response.Abstract:
Amblyseius fallacis Garman has been selected for pyrethroid resistance and mass reared for experimental release as a biological control agent for tetranychid mites on a number of crops in Canada. Several releases of this predator onto apple and peach trees have failed to result in the establishment of A. fallacis, or in the biological control of Panonychus ulmi Koch. Here, we test the hypothesis that the change of host-plant at the time of release is a critical factor in the establishment of A. fallacis for biological control of P. ulmi. Functional and numerical response studies were undertaken on two populations of A. fallacis: a wild strain collected from the canopy foliage of an apple orchard near Vineland, Ontario; and a second strain reared on bean plants in a commercial insectary with Tetranychus urticae as prey. Each population consumed significantly more P. ulmi and produced significantly more eggs when on leaf disks from the plant species they were reared on, than on leaf disks from the novel host plant. A further experiment was conducted to determine if establishment and biological control of mass-reared A. fallacis could be affected by rearing a population for a short term on apple leaves prior to release on apple trees. Three release treatments were made into potted apple trees in a glasshouse, using predators commercially mass-reared on bean and T. urticae: A. fallacis released directly; A. fallacis reared in the laboratory for four weeks on bean and T. urticae; A. fallacis reared on apple leaves and T. urticae for four weeks. They were compared with a control treatment lacking predator release. Contrary to results of the functional and numerical response studies, no difference was observed between release treatments. All release treatments adding A. fallacis resulted in a similar, if limited, degree of biological control of P. ulmi. These results indicated that there may be short-term effects of host plant on the establishment of A. fallacis and biological control of P. ulmi, which in our study were observed as an initial reduction of the predatory response. However, in a test, the predators appeared to overcome these short-term effects and successfully established on the new host-plant to control P. ulmi.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Plants and Leaf Characteristics Influencing the Predaceous Mite Kampimodromus aberrans (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Habitats Surrounding Vineyards
TL;DR: It is shown that dense trichome and pollen levels are favorable to the development of K. aberrans populations and perspective is added on the influence of domatia on this important predaceous mite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional response of the predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to different prey types
Renato de Almeida Sarmento,Angelo Pallini,Madelaine Venzon,Og Francisco Fonseca de Souza,Adrián J. Molina-Rugama,Claudinei Lima Oliveira +5 more
TL;DR: This work evaluated the functional response of adult females of Eriopis connexa to different densities of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Tetranychus evansi to show that this coccinellid needed to adopt distinct strategies according to the kind of prey available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional and numerical responses do not always indicate the most effective predator for biological control: an analysis of two predators in a two‐prey system
Philip J. Lester,R. Harmsen +1 more
TL;DR: Functional and numerical responses are key components in the selection of predators for biological control, but functional and numerical assays on single predator‐ single prey systems in simplified laboratory environments do not allow predictions of the growth of mixed populations in realistic habitats, or of the effectiveness of predators as biological control agents in the field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional response of the predator Scolothrips takahashii to hawthorn spider mite, Tetranychus viennensis: effectof age and temperature
TL;DR: The results indicated that the predatory thrips exhibited type-II functional responses against the mites under various temperatures, and that females are more voracious than males, while temperature had significant effects on the predatory capacity of adult thrips over the range of 20–35 °C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional response of Euseius finlandicus and Amblyseius andersoni to Panonychus ulmi on apple and peach leaves in the laboratory.
D. S. Koveos,George D. Broufas +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that in the laboratory the host plant has a substantial effect on predation efficiency of A. andersoni and E. finlandicus when they preyed on adults but not when they hunted on larvae of P. ulmi.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Interactions Among Three Trophic Levels: Influence of Plants on Interactions Between Insect Herbivores and Natural Enemies
TL;DR: It is argued that theory on insect-plant interactions cannot progress realistically without consideration of the third trophic level, and plants have many effects, direct and indirect, positive and negative, not only on herbivore but also on the enemies of herbivores.
Journal ArticleDOI
Random search and insect population models
TL;DR: Population models for host-parasite interactions attempt to describe the outcome of parasite search by making simple assumptions about the way in which parasites find their hosts.
Journal ArticleDOI
2-Tridecanone: A Naturally Occurring Insecticide from the Wild Tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum
TL;DR: A nonalkaloid insecticide was isolated from the wild Tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behaviour and indirect interactions in food webs of plant-inhabiting arthropods
TL;DR: A review of indirect food web interactions in biological control systems is presented and a discussion of the potential impact of functional indirect and direct interactions on food webs and their significance for biological control is discussed.