Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial Memory for Objects and Words
TLDR
In this paper, the authors examined whether spatial location information is more likely to be encoded with the memory representation of objects than of words and found that different processes are involved in encoding item and location information for words but not for objects.Abstract:
Four experiments examine whether spatial location information is more likely to be encoded with the memory representation of objects than of words. Sixteen objects or the one-word verbal labels for each were studied on a matrix display, followed by a recall test and then a relocation test. In each experiment, an independent variable known to affect item recall was introduced to test whether spatial location memory would concern itantly vary for both objects and words. In Experiment 1, recall of both objects and words increased with age of the subjects. However, relocation accuracy increased for objects but not for words. In Experiment 2, visual imagery instructions generally improved memory for words without affecting relocation accuracy. In Experiments 3 and 4, prolonging the test delay diminished recall for objects and words. However, relocation accuracy decreased only for the objects. In each experiment, item memory was affected independently of location memory for words but not for objects. The results suggest that different processes are involved in encoding item and location information for words but not for objects.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Representation, space and Hollywood Squares: looking at things that aren't there anymore
TL;DR: Five experiments where location is irrelevant to the task, and participants' encoding of spatial information is measured implicitly by their looking behavior during recall are presented, and the notion of a cognitive-perceptual system using spatial indexes to exploit the stability of the external world is considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interactive wayfinding: Use of cues by men and women
Ann Sloan Devlin,Jason Bernstein +1 more
TL;DR: Men made significantly fewer errors than women on the wayfinding test and were significantly more confident that they could find their way than were women as mentioned in this paper, while women preferred the use of visual-spatial cues more than did men.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphic organizers as aids to text learning
TL;DR: The authors provide a rationale for the use of GOs, traces their history and development, reviews sixteen studies that have used GOs as text adjuncts, discusses limitations that have made GO research nonsystematic and provides suggestions for how future research may answer the question, "How should GOs be constructed for use in classrooms?"
Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition memory of spatial location information: another failure to support automaticity
TL;DR: The concept of automaticity and the appropriateness of the criteria suggested for testing the automaticity of cognitive processes are discussed in light of the current results and recent findings on other features of the environment previously claimed to be automatically encoded.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analog properties of cognitive maps constructed from verbal descriptions
Michel Denis,Michel Zimmere +1 more
TL;DR: The authors found that people are able to convert verbal descriptions of configurations into mental representations that reflect the spatial extension of these configurations, and cognitive maps constructed from descriptions exhibit reliable metric properties which make them structurally isomorphic to the corresponding spatial configurations.
References
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Book
The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map
John O'Keefe,Lynn Nadel +1 more
TL;DR: The amnesic syndrome is presented as an extension of the theory to humans and the role of operators in the locale system is examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
The hippocampus as a cognitive map
TL;DR: Introduction to cognitive PDF heidegger and cognitive science PDF group cognitive therapy Group cognitive therapy for addictions handbook of brief cognitive behavioral therapy gurwitschs relevancy for cognitive science, and imagery creativity and discovery a cognitive perspective.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
TL;DR: The authors investigated the possibility that assessment of confidence is biased by attempts to justify one's chosen answer and disregarding evidence contradicting it, and found that only the listing of contradicting reasons improved the appropriateness of confidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Object vision and spatial vision: two cortical pathways
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed indicating that striate cortex in the monkey is the source of two multisynaptic corticocortical pathways, one of which enables the visual identification of objects and the other allows instead the visual location of objects.