Open Access
Supporting Online Material for Astrocytes Potentiate Transmitter Release at Single Hippocampal Synapses
Gertrudis Perea,Alfonso Araque +1 more
TLDR
Results indicate that astrocytes are actively involved in the transfer and storage of synaptic information and mGluR-mediated but N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor–independent plasticity is observed.Abstract:
Astrocytes play active roles in brain physiology. They respond to neurotransmitters and modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic function. However, the influence of astrocytes on synaptic transmission and plasticity at the single synapse level is unknown. Ca2+ elevation in astrocytes transiently increased the probability of transmitter release at hippocampal area CA3-CA1 synapses, without affecting the amplitude of synaptic events. This form of short-term plasticity was due to the release of glutamate from astrocytes, a process that depended on Ca2+ and soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein and that activated metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The transient potentiation of transmitter release became persistent when the astrocytic signal was temporally coincident with postsynaptic depolarization. This persistent plasticity was mGluR-mediated but N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor–independent. These results indicate that astrocytes are actively involved in the transfer and storage of synaptic information.read more
Citations
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tripartite synapses: astrocytes process and control synaptic information
TL;DR: There is an emerging view, which is reviewed herein, in which brain function actually arises from the coordinated activity of a network comprising both neurons and glia, rather than the classically accepted paradigm that brain function results exclusively from neuronal activity.
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Amyloid-[beta]-induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: from synapses toward neural networks
Jorge J. Palop,Lennart Mucke +1 more
TL;DR: Recent evidence that Aβ may be part of a mechanism controlling synaptic activity, acting as a positive regulator presynaptically and a negative regulator postsynaptically is discussed.
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Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis
Raz Yirmiya,Inbal Goshen +1 more
TL;DR: These effects are mediated by inflammation-induced neuronal hyper-excitability and adrenocortical stimulation, followed by reduced production of neurotrophins and other plasticity-related molecules, facilitating many forms of neuropathology associated with normal aging as well as neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Long-term potentiation depends on release of d -serine from astrocytes
Christian Henneberger,Thomas Papouin,Thomas Papouin,Stéphane H. R. Oliet,Stéphane H. R. Oliet,Dmitri A. Rusakov +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Ca2+-dependent release of d-serine from an astrocyte controls NMDAR-dependent plasticity in many thousands of excitatory synapses nearby.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
LTP and LTD: an embarrassment of riches.
Robert C. Malenka,Mark F. Bear +1 more
TL;DR: This work reviews those forms of LTP and LTD for which mechanisms have been most firmly established and examples are provided that show how these mechanisms can contribute to experience-dependent modifications of brain function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tripartite synapses : Glia, the unacknowledged partner
TL;DR: It is suggested that perisynaptic Schwann cells and synaptically associated astrocytes should be viewed as integral modulatory elements of tripartite synapses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tripartite synapses: astrocytes process and control synaptic information
TL;DR: There is an emerging view, which is reviewed herein, in which brain function actually arises from the coordinated activity of a network comprising both neurons and glia, rather than the classically accepted paradigm that brain function results exclusively from neuronal activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Amyloid-[beta]-induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: from synapses toward neural networks
Jorge J. Palop,Lennart Mucke +1 more
TL;DR: Recent evidence that Aβ may be part of a mechanism controlling synaptic activity, acting as a positive regulator presynaptically and a negative regulator postsynaptically is discussed.