Syphilis and HIV Infection: An Update
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TLDR
This article focuses on the most recent literature describing the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of syphilis in the context of HIV infection.Abstract:
The striking increase in the prevalence of concordant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis observed by clinicians and public health officers over the past decade has renewed interest in the subject. Although the effect of HIV infection on the natural history of syphilis has been known for a long time, it was not until recently that several studies documented that syphilis may also impact the course of HIV infection. Despite an improved understanding of the interaction of these 2 conditions, many controversies still exist. In this article, we focus on the most recent literature describing the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of syphilis in the context of HIV infection.read more
Citations
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Rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia reinfection is associated with increased risk of HIV seroconversion.
TL;DR: Among MSM infected with rectal GC or CT, a history of 2 additional prior rectal infections was associated with an 8-fold increased risk of HIV infection, a population in need of innovative HIV-prevention interventions.
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REVIEW: Neurosyphilis: A Historical Perspective and Review
TL;DR: A review of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy of neurosyphilis, focusing on areas of continued controversy, and highlighting several important questions that remain unanswered, is presented in this paper.
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Infectious syphilis in high-income settings in the 21st century
Kevin A. Fenton,Romulus Breban,Raffaele Vardavas,Justin T Okano,Tara Martin,Sevgi O. Aral,Sally Blower +6 more
TL;DR: Today, syphilis in western Europe and the USA is characterised by low-level endemicity with concentration among population subgroups with high rates of partner change, poor access to health services, social marginalisation, or low socioeconomic status.
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Laboratory evaluation of four HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests
Annelies Van Den Heuvel,Hilde Smet,Irena Prat,Anita Sands,Willy Urassa,Katrien Fransen,Tania Crucitti +6 more
TL;DR: Although these results suggest that the tests could further improve in accuracy in detection of treponemal antibodies, their introduction into screening programmes to increase the accessibility of HIV/Syphilis diagnosis and treatment for difficult to reach populations in the world is promising.
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Update on neurosyphilis
TL;DR: A critical review of recent literature on the diagnosis, clinical findings, risk factors, and management of neurosyphilis is provided.
References
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TL;DR: The new STD treatment guidelines for gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas, vulvovaginal candidiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital warts, herpes simplex virus infection, syphilis, and scabies are reviewed.
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Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
TL;DR: The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.
Journal Article
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TL;DR: These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were developed by CDC after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of STDs who met in Atlanta, Georgia, during April 19-21, 2005.
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A Randomized Trial of Enhanced Therapy for Early Syphilis in Patients with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Robert T. Rolfs,M. Riduan Joesoef,Edward F. Hendershot,Anne Rompalo,Michael Augenbraun,Michael J. Chiu,Gail Bolan,Steven C. Johnson,Pamela French,Eric Steen,Justin D. Radolf,Sandra A. Larsen,William E. Brady,Kenneth F. Wagner,Debra A. D'Aquilante +14 more
TL;DR: After treatment for primary or secondary syphilis, the HIV-infected patients responded less well serologically than the patients without HIV infection, but clinically defined failure was uncommon in both groups.
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The Association Between Genital Ulcer Disease and Acquisition of HIV Infection in Homosexual Men
Walter E. Stamm,H. Hunter Handsfield,Anne M. Rompalo,Rhoda Ashley,Pacita L. Roberts,Lawrence Corey +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that genital ulcerative diseases are an important risk factor for the acquisition of HIV infection in homosexual men; measures directed at control of these diseases may reduce the transmission of HIV in this population.