Journal ArticleDOI
The bioavailability of chemicals in soil for earthworms.
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TLDR
In order to be used in the site-specific ecological risk assessment of chemicals, effects concentrations must be developed from laboratory toxicity tests based on exposure estimates utilizing techniques that measure the bioavailable fraction of chemicals in soil, not total chemical concentrations.About:
This article is published in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.The article was published on 2004-01-01. It has received 405 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Bioavailability.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils: definitions and practical implementation—a critical review
TL;DR: The existing definitions of heavy metal bioavailability in relation to plant uptake (phytoavailability) and methods for measuring bioavailability based on both chemical extractions and mechanistic geochemical models were reviewed in order to better understand both the conceptual and operational aspects of bioavailability.
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Measuring bioavailability: from a scientific approach to standard methods.
TL;DR: The working group 'Bioavailability' of ISO/TC190-Soil Quality has developed a guidance document for development and selection of methods to assess bioavailability for different target species with regard to several classes of contaminants.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Terrestrial Biotic Ligand Model. 1. Development and Application to Cu and Ni Toxicities to Barley Root Elongation in Soils
Sagar Thakali,Herbert E. Allen,Dominic M. Di Toro,Alexander A. Ponizovsky,Corinne P. Rooney,Fang-Jie Zhao,Stephen P. Mcgrath +6 more
TL;DR: The Terrestrial Biotic Ligand Model was able to predict the EC50 soil Cu and Ni concentrations generally within a factor of 2 of the observed values, indicating its potential utility in metals risk assessment in soils.
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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa in relation to total and available metal concentrations in field soils.
TL;DR: It is concluded that despite low availability, earthworms in floodplain soils contain elevated concentrations of Cu and Cd, suggesting that uptake takes place not only from the soluble metal concentrations.
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Soil pH controls the environmental availability of phosphorus: Experimental and mechanistic modelling approaches
TL;DR: In this article, the extraction of soil inorganic P with CaCl 2 (P-CaCl 2 ) and geochemical modelling were combined in order to unravel the processes controlling the environmentally available P (EAP) of a soil over a range of pH values.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aging, bioavailability, and overestimation of risk from environmental pollutants
TL;DR: As they persist, or age, in soil, organic compounds become progressively less available for uptake by organisms, for exerting toxic effects, and for biodegradation and bioremediation by microorganisms.
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How toxic are toxic chemicals in soil
TL;DR: Dinishing toxicity as chemicals age in soil is evident in a limited number of assessments, and findings suggest that the hazard and risk from toxic chemicals diminish as the compounds persist in soil.
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Semipermeable membrane devices containing model lipid: A new approach to monitoring the bioavaiiability of lipophilic contaminants and estimating their bioconcentration potential
TL;DR: In this paper, low-density polyethylene tubing containing thin films of model lipid may simulate the bioconcentration of nonpolar organic contaminants by aquatic organisms, and the feasibility of the SPMD approach for in situ monitoring of environmental contaminants is demonstrated by exposing SPMDs to AsanaR (an isomer of fenvalerate) in a littoral enclosure of a small pond.
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Lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organic contaminants in water
TL;DR: Model estimates of the average concentrations of test chemical in laboratory exposure water differed from the measured concentrations by <2-fold, indicating that it may be feasible to use the SPMD to determine average concentration of organic contaminants in natural waters.