Journal ArticleDOI
The Budgets of Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Temperature Variance in the Atmospheric Surface Layer
J. C. Wyngaard,O. R. Coté +1 more
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In this paper, the authors measured the shear production, buoyant production, turbulent transport (flux divergence) and dissipation terms in the budget of turbulent kinetic energy, and production and turbulent transport terms in temperature variance budget.Abstract:
Measurements of the shear production, buoyant production, turbulent transport (flux divergence) and dissipation terms in the budget of turbulent kinetic energy, and production and turbulent transport terms in the temperature variance budget are presented. Direct observations of the surface stress and heat flux over a horizontally uniform site enable presentation of the data in terms of surface layer similarity theory. The dissipation term, obtained from differentiated hot-wire anemometer signals, agrees with estimates made from the inertial subrange levels of longitudinal velocity spectra with a value of 0.5 for the spectral constant. Under stable conditions dissipation essentially balances shear production, while turbulent transport and buoyant production are of secondary importance. Under unstable conditions, dissipation slightly exceeds the total production, and energy is also lost at a substantial rate due to upward export by the turbulence. The large imbalance among the measured terms in the...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
TL;DR: In this article, the basic relationships are discussed in the context of vertical transfer in the lower atmosphere, and the required corrections to the measured flux are derived, where the correction to measurements of water vapour flux will often be only a few per cent but will sometimes exceed 10 percent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spectral Characteristics of Surface-Layer Turbulence
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described the behavior of spectra and cospectra of turbulence in the surface layer using wind and temperature fluctuation data obtained in the 1968 AFCRL Kansas experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithms
TL;DR: In this paper, the sensitivity of anemometer-derived stress estimates to the tilt of the anemometers is investigated, and three methods for determining the tilt angles relative to a mean streamline coordinate system and for computing the tilt-corrected stresses are compared.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cool-skin and warm-layer effects on sea surface temperature
Christopher W. Fairall,E. F. Bradley,J. S. Godfrey,Gary A. Wick,James B. Edson,George S. Young +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, two simple scaling models are described to estimate the corrections for the tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) program.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the universality of the Kolmogorov constant
TL;DR: For large enough microscale Reynolds numbers, the data (despite much scatter) support the notion of a "universal" constant that is independent of the flow as well as the Reynolds number, with a numerical value of about 0.5.