Journal ArticleDOI
The Clinical Picture of Major Depression in Children and Adolescents
Neal D. Ryan,Joaquim Puig-Antich,Paul J. Ambrosini,Harris Rabinovich,Delbert Robinson,Beverly Nelson,Satish Iyengar,Jan Twomey +7 more
TLDR
Adolescents with a duration of the depressive episode of two years or greater had significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation and intent, lethality, and number of suicide attempts than youngsters with depressive episodes of shorter duration.Abstract:
• Symptom frequency and severity were compared in two sequential clinically referred samples of 95 children and 92 adolescents, aged 6 to 18 years, all medically healthy, assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present Episode, who met unmodified Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the majority of depressive symptoms. However, prepubertal children had greater depressed appearance, somatic complaints, psychomotor agitation, separation anxiety, phobias, and hallucinations, whereas adolescents had greater anhedonia, hopelessness, hypersomnia, weight change, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and lethality of suicide attempt, but not severity of suicidal ideation or intent. Adolescents with a duration of the depressive episode of two years or greater had significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation and intent, lethality, and number of suicide attempts than youngsters with depressive episodes of shorter duration. A principal components factor analysis of psychiatric symptoms was carried out in all 296 youngsters evaluated during the same period who met DSM-III criteria for any Axis I diagnosis. The majority had an affective disorder. Factors were quite similar for both adolescents and children and included an "endogenous" and an "anxious" factor, as in many studies of adult depression. In addition, three other factors were found: negative cognitions, appetite and weight changes, and a conduct factor. Suicidal ideation was a component of both the negative cognitions factor and the conduct factor. It is concluded that the similarities across school age in the phenomenology of MDD far outweigh the few differences and that, therefore, developmental changes across this age range, once assessment variance in this age group is controlled for, have only mild to moderate effects on the expression of a limited number of affective symptoms in youngsters with MDD.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I.
Boris Birmaher,Neal D. Ryan,Douglas E. Williamson,David A. Brent,Joan Kaufman,Ronald E. Dahl,James M. Perel,Beverly Nelson +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors qualitatively review the literature of the past decade covering the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, natural course, biology, and other correlates of early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymic disorder (DD).
Journal Article
Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior
TL;DR: Clinical and public health approaches to the reduction in youth suicide and recommendations for further research will be discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective.
TL;DR: Developmental studies that include assessments of both hormonal changes and social changes through the pubertal transition are needed to investigate joint biological and environmental influences on the emergence of the gender difference in depression in puberty.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other
Henry B. Mann,D. R. Whitney +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the limit distribution is normal if n, n$ go to infinity in any arbitrary manner, where n = m = 8 and n = n = 8.
Book
Modern factor analysis
TL;DR: The third edition of HARMAN's authoritative text as mentioned in this paper incorporates the many new advances made in computer science and technology over the last ten years The author gives full coverage to both theoretical and applied aspects of factor analysis from its foundations through the most advanced techniques This highly readable text will be welcomed by researchers and students working in psychology, statistics, economics and related disciplines
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research.
John P. Feighner,Eli Robins,Samuel B. Guze,Robert A. Woodruff,George Winokur,Rodrigo A. Munoz +5 more
TL;DR: Diagnostic criteria for 14 psychiatric illnesses along with the validating evidence for these diagnostic categories comes from workers outside the authors' group as well as from those within; it consists of studies of both outpatients and inpatients, of family studies, and of follow-up studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Assessment of Affective Disorders in Children and Adolescents by Semistructured Interview: Test-Retest Reliability of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Present Episode Version
William J. Chambers,Joaquim Puig-Antich,Michelle Hirsch,Patricio Paez,Paul J. Ambrosini,Mary Ann Tabrizi,Mark Davies +6 more
TL;DR: The reliability of assessment of Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III axis I affective disorders in children and adolescents was studied using a semistructured diagnostic interview using the Kiddie SADS.