Journal ArticleDOI
The Disease Burden Associated with Overweight and Obesity
Aviva Must,Jennifer L. Spadano,Eugenie Coakley,Alison E. Field,Graham A. Colditz,William H. Dietz +5 more
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TLDR
A graded increase in the prevalence ratio (PR) was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all of the health outcomes except for coronary heart disease in men and high blood cholesterol level in both men and women.Abstract:
ContextOverweight and obesity are increasing dramatically in the United States
and most likely contribute substantially to the burden of chronic health conditions.ObjectiveTo describe the relationship between weight status and prevalence of
health conditions by severity of overweight and obesity in the US population.Design and SettingNationally representative cross-sectional survey using data from the
Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which
was conducted in 2 phases from 1988 to 1994.ParticipantsA total of 16,884 adults, 25 years and older, classified as overweight
and obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) based on National
Institutes of Health recommended guidelines.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, coronary
heart disease, high blood cholesterol level, high blood pressure, or osteoarthritis.ResultsSixty-three percent of men and 55% of women had a body mass index of
25 kg/m2 or greater. A graded increase in the prevalence ratio
(PR) was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all
of the health outcomes except for coronary heart disease in men and high blood
cholesterol level in both men and women. With normal-weight individuals as
the reference, for individuals with BMIs of at least 40 kg/m2 and
who were younger than 55 years, PRs were highest for type 2 diabetes for men
(PR, 18.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-46.8) and women (PR, 12.9; 95%
CI, 5.7-28.1) and gallbladder disease for men (PR, 21.1; 95% CI, 4.1-84.2)
and women (PR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.9-8.9). Prevalence ratios generally were greater
in younger than in older adults. The prevalence of having 2 or more health
conditions increased with weight status category across all racial and ethnic
subgroups.ConclusionsBased on these results, more than half of all US adults are considered
overweight or obese. The prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities emphasizes
the need for concerted efforts to prevent and treat obesity rather than just
its associated comorbidities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity and Risk of Cancer in Postmenopausal Korean Women
Yun-Mi Song,Joohon Sung,Mina Ha +2 more
TL;DR: Although variations exist between the individual cancer sites, obesity was associated with an overall increased risk of cancer in postmenopausal Korean women.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early Childhood Health Promotion and Its Life Course Health Consequences
Bernard Guyer,Sai Ma,Holly Grason,Kevin D. Frick,Deborah F. Perry,Alyssa Sharkey,Jennifer McIntosh +6 more
TL;DR: There is an urgent need for carefully targeted, rigorous research to examine the longitudinal causal relationships and provide stronger economic data to help policy makers make the case that the entire society will benefit from wise investment in improving the health of preschool-age children and their families.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular pathways to obesity.
TL;DR: The discovery of new molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes and the elucidation of their paracrine and endocrine functions have changed the traditional view of adipose tissue as an inert depot for triglycerides and should have a positive impact on the search for new antiobesity agents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical activity before pregnancy and following childbirth in a multiethnic sample of healthy women in Hawaii.
TL;DR: New mothers are at high risk for inactivity and reductions in previously established levels of physical activity, and they also have specific barriers and facilitators to being physically active.
Journal ArticleDOI
Weight status and perception barriers to healthy physical activity and diet behavior.
TL;DR: Overweight perception may be another barrier to physical activity participation among men and women with excess body weight and public health strategies might need to focus on overcoming weight perception as well as weight status barriers to adopting healthy physical activity behaviors.
References
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Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
D. S. Akram,Arne Astrup,T. Atinmo,J. L. Boissin,George A. Bray,K. Carroll,P. Chitson,C. Chunming,William H. Dietz,James O. Hill,Eric Jéquier,C. Komodiki,Yuji Matsuzawa,W. F. Mollentze,K. Moosa,M.I. Noor,K.S. Reddy,Jacob C. Seidell,V. Tanphaichitr,Ricardo Uauy,Paul Zimmet +20 more
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Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults : the evidence report
Journal ArticleDOI
What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes.
Jun Zhang,Kai F. Yu +1 more
TL;DR: This work proposes a simple method to approximate a risk ratio from the adjusted odds ratio and derive an estimate of an association or treatment effect that better represents the true relative risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960–1994
TL;DR: Between 1976–80 and 1988–94, the prevalence of obesity (BMI≥30.0) increased markedly in the US, in agreement with trends seen elsewhere in the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
Maureen I Harris,Katherine M. Flegal,Catherine C. Cowie,Mark S. Eberhardt,David E. Goldstein,Randie R. Little,Hsiao-Mei Wiedmeyer,Danita D. Byrd-Holt +7 more
TL;DR: The high rates of abnormal fasting and postchallenge glucose found in NHANES III, together with the increasing frequency of obesity and sedentary lifestyles in the population, make it likely that diabetes will continue to be a major health problem in the U.S.