Journal ArticleDOI
The Disease Burden Associated with Overweight and Obesity
Aviva Must,Jennifer L. Spadano,Eugenie Coakley,Alison E. Field,Graham A. Colditz,William H. Dietz +5 more
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TLDR
A graded increase in the prevalence ratio (PR) was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all of the health outcomes except for coronary heart disease in men and high blood cholesterol level in both men and women.Abstract:
ContextOverweight and obesity are increasing dramatically in the United States
and most likely contribute substantially to the burden of chronic health conditions.ObjectiveTo describe the relationship between weight status and prevalence of
health conditions by severity of overweight and obesity in the US population.Design and SettingNationally representative cross-sectional survey using data from the
Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which
was conducted in 2 phases from 1988 to 1994.ParticipantsA total of 16,884 adults, 25 years and older, classified as overweight
and obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) based on National
Institutes of Health recommended guidelines.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, coronary
heart disease, high blood cholesterol level, high blood pressure, or osteoarthritis.ResultsSixty-three percent of men and 55% of women had a body mass index of
25 kg/m2 or greater. A graded increase in the prevalence ratio
(PR) was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all
of the health outcomes except for coronary heart disease in men and high blood
cholesterol level in both men and women. With normal-weight individuals as
the reference, for individuals with BMIs of at least 40 kg/m2 and
who were younger than 55 years, PRs were highest for type 2 diabetes for men
(PR, 18.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-46.8) and women (PR, 12.9; 95%
CI, 5.7-28.1) and gallbladder disease for men (PR, 21.1; 95% CI, 4.1-84.2)
and women (PR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.9-8.9). Prevalence ratios generally were greater
in younger than in older adults. The prevalence of having 2 or more health
conditions increased with weight status category across all racial and ethnic
subgroups.ConclusionsBased on these results, more than half of all US adults are considered
overweight or obese. The prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities emphasizes
the need for concerted efforts to prevent and treat obesity rather than just
its associated comorbidities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Medical student bias and care recommendations for an obese versus non-obese virtual patient
TL;DR: Biases in attitudes, beliefs and interpersonal behavior have important implications because they can influence the tone of clinical encounters and rapport in the patient–provider relationship, which can have important downstream consequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects.
TL;DR: Examples of sub-phenotypes in the general population whose metabolic risk factors are not commensurate with their BMI are presented and the value of carrying out enhanced phenotypical characterisation of subjects in interventional studies discussed.
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Differences in food patterns at breakfast by sociodemographic characteristics among a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.
TL;DR: Different segments of the population consume different types of foods at breakfast, contributing to differences in their nutrient intakes, and these food patterns provide remarkably different nutrient profiles adjusting for energy intake.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perceptions and Beliefs About Body Size, Weight, and Weight Loss Among Obese African American Women: A Qualitative Inquiry
TL;DR: Perceptions and beliefs about body size, weight, and weight loss among obese African American women are explored in order to form a design of weight loss intervention with this target population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating the burden of disease attributable to excess body weight in South Africa in 2000
Jané Joubert,Rosana E. Norman,Debbie Bradshaw,Julia H. Goedecke,Nelia P. Steyn,Thandi Puoane +5 more
TL;DR: This study shows the importance of recognizing excess body weight as a major risk to health, particularly among females, highlighting the need to develop, implement and evaluate comprehensive interventions to achieve lasting change in the determinants and impact of excess body Weight.
References
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Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
D. S. Akram,Arne Astrup,T. Atinmo,J. L. Boissin,George A. Bray,K. Carroll,P. Chitson,C. Chunming,William H. Dietz,James O. Hill,Eric Jéquier,C. Komodiki,Yuji Matsuzawa,W. F. Mollentze,K. Moosa,M.I. Noor,K.S. Reddy,Jacob C. Seidell,V. Tanphaichitr,Ricardo Uauy,Paul Zimmet +20 more
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Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults : the evidence report
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What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes.
Jun Zhang,Kai F. Yu +1 more
TL;DR: This work proposes a simple method to approximate a risk ratio from the adjusted odds ratio and derive an estimate of an association or treatment effect that better represents the true relative risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960–1994
TL;DR: Between 1976–80 and 1988–94, the prevalence of obesity (BMI≥30.0) increased markedly in the US, in agreement with trends seen elsewhere in the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
Maureen I Harris,Katherine M. Flegal,Catherine C. Cowie,Mark S. Eberhardt,David E. Goldstein,Randie R. Little,Hsiao-Mei Wiedmeyer,Danita D. Byrd-Holt +7 more
TL;DR: The high rates of abnormal fasting and postchallenge glucose found in NHANES III, together with the increasing frequency of obesity and sedentary lifestyles in the population, make it likely that diabetes will continue to be a major health problem in the U.S.