Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of rain and water vapor on sky noise at centimeter wavelengths
D. C. Hogg,R. A. Semplak +1 more
TLDR
In this article, measurements of sky noise temperature at a frequency of 6.0 kmc have been made for various conditions of absolute humidity and precipitation, and theoretical calculations of sky-noise temperature for typical dry and humid summer days are presented.Abstract:
Measurements of sky noise temperature at a frequency of 6.0 kmc have been made for various conditions of absolute humidity and precipitation. For an antenna beam position 5° above the horizon, the sky noise temperature was found to increase about 15°K from winter to summer due to the change in absolute humidity. During periods of rain, with the antenna beam pointed to the zenith, sky noise temperatures as high as 130°K have been observed, compared with the usual background value of 3° due to oxygen and water vapor. Theoretical calculations of sky noise temperature for typical dry and humid summer days are presented.read more
Citations
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The accuracy of water vapor and cloud liquid determination by dual‐frequency ground‐based microwave radiometry
TL;DR: A dual frequency ground-based radiometer operating in the 1 to 1.4 cm wavelength range can provide continuous measurements of integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water using climatological data, the accuracy of the vapor and liquid determinations is estimated as a function of cloud amount as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of rain in satellite communications
D.C. Hogg,Ta-Shing Chu +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the most fundamental obstacle encountered in design of satellite communication systems at frequencies above 10 GHz is attenuation by rain, and a technique called path diversity that substantially improves the reliability is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of the minimum cosmic background radiation at 20.7 cm wave-length.
T. F. Howell,J. R. Shakeshaft +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Millimeter-Wave Communication through the Atmosphere: The known and unknown features in propagation of short radio waves are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cosmic microwave background radiation.
TL;DR: This paper is about the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation and starts with a section on radio astronomical measuring techniques, followed by the history of the detection of the background radiation, its identification, and finally a summary of its properties.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The microwave properties of precipitation particles
K. L. S. Gunn,T. W. R. East +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the theory of scattering and attenuation by rain, snow and cloud is reviewed and theoretical results are presented in the form of equations, tables and graphs, so that the radar response to meteorological particles can be calculated at six wavelengths (10, 5.7, 3.2, 1.8, 0.24 and 0.9 cm) and various temperatures.
Journal ArticleDOI
The three-level solid state traveling-wave maser
TL;DR: In this paper, a traveling-wave maser consisting of a ruby-loaded comb structure was tested and a gain of 23 db at 6 kmc with a bandwidth of 25 mc was obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of wind shear on falling precipitation
K. L. S. Gunn,J. S. Marshall +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between the precipitation rate R and the radar scattering-parameter Z is analyzed for a small isolated shower, where a horizontal generating element has been taken, of linear extent 1.6 kilometers in the direction of the wind shear.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effective Antenna Temperatures Due to Oxygen and Water Vapor in the Atmosphere
TL;DR: In this paper, the effective noise temperature at the terminals of a high gain antenna due to oxygen and water vapor in the atmosphere is given for the frequency range 05 to 40 kmc in the 1 to 10 kmc band, the effective temperature increases from about 3° to 100°K as the zenith angle is increased from 0° to 90°
Journal ArticleDOI
Transoceanic Communication by Means of Satellites
J. R. Pierce,R. Kompfner +1 more
TL;DR: The existence of artificial earth satellites and of very low-noise maser amplifiers makes microwave links using spherical satellites as passive reflectors seem an interesting alternative to cable or tropospheric scatter for broad-band transatlantic communication as mentioned in this paper.