Journal ArticleDOI
The energy cost of sprint running and the role of metabolic power in setting top performances
TLDR
The above approach can yield useful information on the bioenergetics and biomechanics of accelerated/decelerated running on flat terrain and, on a 10 % down-sloping track Bolt could cover 100 m in 8.2 s.Abstract:
To estimate the energetics and biomechanics of accelerated/decelerated running on flat terrain based on its biomechanical similarity to constant speed running up/down an ‘equivalent slope’ dictated by the forward acceleration (a
f). Time course of a
f allows one to estimate: (1) energy cost of sprint running (C
sr), from the known energy cost of uphill/downhill running, and (2) instantaneous (specific) mechanical accelerating power (P
sp = a
f × speed). In medium-level sprinters (MLS), C
sr and metabolic power requirement (P
met = C
sr × speed) at the onset of a 100-m dash attain ≈50 J kg−1 m−1, as compared to ≈4 for running at constant speed, and ≈90 W kg−1. For Bolt’s current 100-m world record (9.58 s) the corresponding values attain ≈105 J kg−1 m−1 and ≈200 W kg−1. This approach, as applied by Osgnach et al. (Med Sci Sports Exerc 42:170–178, 2010) to data obtained by video-analysis during soccer games, has been implemented in portable GPS devices (GPEXE©), thus yielding P
met throughout the match. Actual O2 consumed, estimated from P
met assuming a monoexponential VO2 response (Patent Pending, TV2014A000074), was close to that determined by portable metabolic carts. Peak P
sp (W kg−1) was 17.5 and 19.6 for MLS and elite soccer players, and 30 for Bolt. The ratio of horizontal to overall ground reaction force (per kg body mass) was ≈20 % larger, and its angle of application in respect to the horizontal ≈10° smaller, for Bolt, as compared to MLS. Finally, we estimated that, on a 10 % down-sloping track Bolt could cover 100 m in 8.2 s. The above approach can yield useful information on the bioenergetics and biomechanics of accelerated/decelerated running.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running
Pierre Samozino,Giuseppe Rabita,Sylvain Dorel,Jean Slawinski,Nicolas Peyrot,E Sáez Sáez De Villarreal,Jean-Benoit Morin +6 more
TL;DR: The validity of the proposed simple method, convenient for field use, to determine power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running is supported.
Journal ArticleDOI
How 100-m event analyses improve our understanding of world-class men's and women's sprint performance.
Jean Slawinski,N. Termoz,Giuseppe Rabita,Gaël Guilhem,Sylvain Dorel,Jean-Benoit Morin,Pierre Samozino +6 more
TL;DR: The results showed that the maximal sprint velocity (Vmax) and mean power output (W/kg) developed over the entire 100 m strongly influenced 100‐m performance (r > −0.80; P ≤ 0.001), highlighting the importance of the capability to keep applying horizontal force to the ground at high velocities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acceleration-Based Running Intensities of Professional Rugby League Match Play.
TL;DR: Competition running intensities varied by both position and moving-average duration, and hookers exhibited the greatest Pmet of all positions, due to high involvement in both attack and defense.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modelling the decrement in running intensity within professional soccer players
Jace A. Delaney,Heidi R. Thornton,Amber E. Rowell,Ben J. Dascombe,Robert J. Aughey,Grant M. Duthie +5 more
TL;DR: Using power law, the peak running intensities of professional soccer can now be predicted as a function of time, providing coaches with a useful tool for the prescription and monitoring of specific training drills.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology of Soccer: An Update
TL;DR: An update on the physiology of soccer players and referees, and relevant physiological tests is provided, and examples of effective strength- and endurance-training programmes to improve on-field performance are given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanical work and efficiency in level walking and running
Ga. Cavagna,M. Kaneko +1 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Energy cost and metabolic power in elite soccer: a new match analysis approach.
Cristian Osgnach,Stefano Poser,Riccardo Bernardini,Roberto Rinaldo,Pietro Enrico di Prampero +4 more
TL;DR: The present approach for the assessment of top-level soccer players match performance through video analysis allowed us to assess instantaneous metabolic power, thus redefining the concept of "high intensity" on the basis of actual metabolic power rather than on speed alone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanics of sprint running. A review.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Energy cost of walking and running at extreme uphill and downhill slopes
TL;DR: The estimated maximum running speeds on positive gradients corresponded to those adopted in uphill races; on negative gradients they were well above those attained in downhill competitions.