Journal ArticleDOI
The evolutionary ecology of individual phenotypic plasticity in wild populations.
TLDR
An analytical framework is outlined, utilizing the reaction norm concept and random regression statistical models, to assess the between‐individual variation in life history plasticity that may underlie population level responses to the environment at both phenotypic and genetic levels.Abstract:
The ability of individual organisms to alter morphological and life-history traits in response to the conditions they experience is an example of phenotypic plasticity which is fundamental to any population's ability to deal with short-term environmental change. We currently know little about the prevalence, and evolutionary and ecological causes and consequences of variation in life history plasticity in the wild. Here we outline an analytical framework, utilizing the reaction norm concept and random regression statistical models, to assess the between-individual variation in life history plasticity that may underlie population level responses to the environment at both phenotypic and genetic levels. We discuss applications of this framework to date in wild vertebrate populations, and illustrate how natural selection and ecological constraint may alter a population's response to the environment through their effects at the individual level. Finally, we present future directions and challenges for research into individual plasticity.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Repeatability for Gaussian and non-Gaussian data: a practical guide for biologists.
TL;DR: Two types of repeatability (ordinary repeatability and extrapolated repeatability) are compared in relation to narrow‐sense heritability and two methods for calculating standard errors, confidence intervals and statistical significance are addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simple means to improve the interpretability of regression coefficients
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on parameter estimation (point estimates as well as confidence intervals) rather than on significance thresholds for linear regression models and propose a simple alternative to the more complicated calculation of standard errors from contrasts and main effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis.
TL;DR: Meta-analysis is used to ask whether different types of behaviours were more repeatable than others, and if repeatability estimates depended on taxa, sex, age, field versus laboratory, the number of measures and the interval between measures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptation, plasticity, and extinction in a changing environment: towards a predictive theory.
TL;DR: The authors analyze developmental, genetic, and demographic mechanisms by which populations tolerate changing environments and discuss empirical methods for determining the critical rate of sustained environmental change that causes population extinction.
References
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Book
Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS
TL;DR: Linear Mixed-Effects and Nonlinear Mixed-effects (NLME) models have been studied in the literature as mentioned in this paper, where the structure of grouped data has been used for fitting LME models.
Journal ArticleDOI
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Camille Parmesan,Gary W. Yohe +1 more
TL;DR: A diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends is defined and generates ‘very high confidence’ (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological responses to recent climate change.
Gian-Reto Walther,Eric Post,Peter Convey,Annette Menzel,Camille Parmesan,Trevor J. C. Beebee,Jean-Marc Fromentin,Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Franz Bairlein +8 more
TL;DR: A review of the ecological impacts of recent climate change exposes a coherent pattern of ecological change across systems, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments.
Book
Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits
Michael Lynch,Bruce Walsh +1 more
TL;DR: This book discusses the genetic Basis of Quantitative Variation, Properties of Distributions, Covariance, Regression, and Correlation, and Properties of Single Loci, and Sources of Genetic Variation for Multilocus Traits.
Journal ArticleDOI
The measurement of selection on correlated characters
Russell Lande,Stevan J. Arnold +1 more
TL;DR: Measures of directional and stabilizing selection on each of a set of phenotypically correlated characters are derived, retrospective, based on observed changes in the multivariate distribution of characters within a generation, not on the evolutionary response to selection.